一文读懂“谷歌链”：AI全栈式创新，TPU+OCS共塑下一代智算网络

Core Viewpoint - The key technological variable driving the current "Google Chain" explosion is the comprehensive introduction of OCS (Optical Circuit Switching) technology, which allows for direct data transmission via physical optical paths, eliminating the "optical-electrical-optical" signal conversion process [1][3][10]. Group 1: Technological Advancements - Google has integrated its self-developed TPU chips with OCS technology, overcoming traditional data center efficiency and scalability bottlenecks, and establishing a new architectural standard for the next generation of intelligent computing networks [3][4]. - The deep coupling of TPU and OCS supports the efficient iteration of large models like Gemini and drives increased demand in the upstream optical module, MEMS chip, and optical device sectors [3][10]. - The upcoming TPU v7 (Ironwood) has achieved a qualitative leap in performance, with a single chip computing capability over ten times that of the previous generation TPU v5p, and a peak bandwidth of 7.4 TB/s [6]. Group 2: Market Impact - By 2026, Google’s TPU is expected to dominate the global self-developed ASIC market, with shipment volumes projected to significantly exceed competitors like AWS Trainium and Microsoft Maia [8]. - The introduction of OCS technology has led to a 30% increase in network throughput, a 40% reduction in power consumption, and a 50-fold decrease in network downtime, while also reducing capital expenditures by 30% [13]. Group 3: OCS Technology and Its Implications - OCS technology is crucial for addressing the power consumption and efficiency challenges posed by large-scale expansions in data centers, as traditional architectures are becoming ineffective [10][11]. - Google’s OCS system, based on MEMS technology, features 136 optical channels, allowing for millisecond-level optical path switching without the need for electrical signal conversion [15]. - The rise of OCS technology is expected to create new incremental segments in the optical communication industry, with a projected compound annual growth rate of 28% from 2024 to 2029 [19].