华尔街日报：中国曾经是西方公司的摇钱树，现在却成了试验场

Core Viewpoint - The era of easy profits for Western companies in China has ended, with increasing competition and a more cautious consumer base leading to significant challenges in the market [1][3]. Market Dynamics - China's economic slowdown has made consumers more cautious, resulting in intensified competition and price wars, which have significantly compressed profit margins [3][7]. - Local competitors are rapidly gaining market share, often outpacing international brands in various sectors [4][6]. Strategic Adjustments - International brands are adapting their strategies to better align with Chinese consumer preferences, including product adjustments, faster R&D, different marketing approaches, and price reductions [3][4]. - Companies like Starbucks have had to sell majority stakes in their Chinese operations due to competition from local brands like Luckin Coffee, which has surpassed Starbucks in sales and store numbers [4][6]. Industry-Specific Challenges - The automotive sector is experiencing fierce competition, with local brands like BYD overtaking established foreign brands such as Volkswagen, which reported a 7% decline in quarterly deliveries in China [9][10]. - Volkswagen is shifting its strategy to focus on local R&D and production to better cater to Chinese consumers, highlighting the need for foreign companies to remain competitive in the local market [10][12]. Consumer Expectations - Consumer demands in China have evolved, with higher expectations for quality relative to price, prompting brands like Guerlain to introduce more affordable luxury products [14][15]. - Companies like IKEA are lowering prices on popular items and investing significantly in the Chinese market, while Procter & Gamble is focusing on innovative products tailored for Chinese consumers [16][17]. Performance Insights - Some companies are still thriving in the Chinese market, with Ralph Lauren reporting over 30% sales growth and Estée Lauder seeing a 9% increase in revenue [20]. - 3M has identified China as its fastest-growing market, emphasizing the need for rapid product development to keep pace with local manufacturers [22].