南京大学最新Cell子刊：新型癌症疫苗，逆转冷肿瘤，克服癌症免疫治疗耐药

Core Viewpoint - The study highlights the potential of MHC-II-restricted neoantigen vaccines to enhance T cell infiltration and overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cold tumors, providing a promising new strategy for cancer treatment [3][5]. Group 1: Research Findings - MHC-II-restricted neoantigen vaccines increase T cell infiltration in cold tumors [8]. - The vaccine induces enrichment of the immune checkpoint signaling axis PVR-TIGIT [8]. - The combination of the vaccine with TIGIT blockade enhances anti-tumor effects and delays T cell exhaustion [8]. Group 2: Mechanism of Action - The vaccine utilizes tumor-specific gene mutations to present neoantigens via MHC-II molecules to CD4+ T cells, enhancing anti-tumor immune responses [4]. - The study utilized a melanoma mouse model to evaluate the vaccine's efficacy, analyzing immune responses through flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing [5]. - Results showed that the vaccine promotes inflammatory signaling within the tumor microenvironment, enhancing the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and increasing interferon (IFN)-γ production [5].