碳捕集、利用与封存如何驱动工业行业的新增长逻辑

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the dual challenges of decarbonization in hard-to-abate industries such as oil and gas, cement, and steel, highlighting the emergence of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technology as a solution to prevent carbon emissions from entering the atmosphere. However, the current global progress on CCUS projects is insufficient to meet the International Energy Agency's net-zero emissions roadmap due to economic factors, particularly the high costs associated with CCUS compared to low carbon prices in regulated markets [1][3]. Group 1: CCUS Technology and Economic Viability - Over 500 CCUS projects have been announced globally, but the average cost of CCUS is approximately $150 per ton, while carbon prices remain below $100 per ton in regulated markets [1][3]. - Future changes are anticipated as governments explore carbon pricing mechanisms and regulations to increase carbon prices, alongside technological advancements that will lower CCUS costs [3]. - Industry participants are beginning to optimize carbon transport and storage costs through the construction of centralized CCUS hubs, indicating a potential shift towards more economically viable CCUS solutions [3]. Group 2: CCUS Business Models - Four potential CCUS business models are identified for hard-to-abate industries: 1. Decarbonization through CCUS: Focuses on reducing the carbon footprint of operations and monetizing captured CO2 through enhanced oil recovery [5]. 2. Value Creation through CCUS: Captures carbon emissions from operations or other sources, potentially accessing additional carbon sources through CCUS hubs [6]. 3. CCUS as a Service: Offers full-chain CCUS services through carbon purchase agreements or partial services where clients deploy their own capture technologies [7]. 4. CCUS Technology Provision: Involves providing technology for CCUS projects and hubs, such as CO2 transport or oxygen combustion technologies [8]. Group 3: Key Market Opportunities - The article highlights five countries with significant CCUS potential: - United States: Announced projects totaling 308 million tons of CO2, with costs between $60-$85 per ton due to a combination of offshore and onshore storage advantages [10]. - Canada: Announced projects of 156 million tons of CO2, with costs around $50 per ton, benefiting from onshore storage [10]. - Norway: Announced projects of 123 million tons of CO2, with costs approximately $90 per ton, manageable due to coastal storage sites [10]. - Germany: Announced projects of 114 million tons of CO2, with similar costs to Norway but higher due to offshore storage in neighboring countries [10]. - Denmark: Announced projects of 56 million tons of CO2, with costs around $90 per ton, also benefiting from coastal proximity [10].