《经济学人》：特朗普黯淡混乱的新国家安全战略

Core Viewpoint - The new National Security Strategy (NSS) reflects a significant shift towards "America First" ideology, moving away from traditional values that have historically underpinned U.S. foreign policy, and embracing a form of "flexible realism" that prioritizes U.S. interests above all else [2][3]. Summary by Sections General Overview - The NSS was released in the early hours of December 5 and is expected to be closely analyzed by military and diplomatic personnel globally. It sets the framework for upcoming military assessments and outlines the administration's priorities [2]. Ideological Shift - The document rejects the notion that shared values are the foundation of U.S. alliances, instead asserting that the strategy is not rooted in traditional political ideologies but is focused on what is beneficial for the U.S. [2][3]. Regional Focus - In Asia, the NSS expects countries to act as proactive allies, while in other regions, nations are expected to comply with U.S. economic and military demands. The document explicitly states a rejection of interventionist ideologies that promote democratic or social changes contrary to a country's traditions [4]. Western Hemisphere Strategy - The NSS emphasizes maintaining stability and good governance in the Western Hemisphere to prevent mass migration to the U.S. It calls for cooperation from Latin American governments to control migration and drug trafficking, warning against foreign investments that could undermine U.S. interests [5]. Critique of Europe - The NSS sharply criticizes Europe, suggesting that the continent is undergoing a crisis of national identity, which could lead to a "civilizational extinction." It raises concerns about the demographic changes in NATO countries and their implications for U.S. alliances [6]. Policy Recommendations for Europe - The document advocates for the celebration of European nations' unique characteristics and encourages the rise of nationalist movements, which could strain relations with centrist European governments that view these parties as threats [6]. Ukraine and Russia - The NSS presents a controversial stance on the Ukraine situation, suggesting that many Europeans prefer peace even at the cost of concessions to Russia. It warns against NATO's expansion and fails to address the actions of President Putin, potentially setting the stage for future conflicts [7]. Conclusion - The NSS opens with a letter from Trump asserting that the administration is committed to "America First," but this claim contrasts sharply with the reality of a government perceived as one of the least respected and trusted in recent history [7].