中国学者一作Cell论文：仅用活细胞当“生物墨水”，“打印”出会跳动的心脏等器官组织，促进组织再生

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a breakthrough in 3D bioprinting technology, specifically the development of a cell-dense bioink (CLINK) that allows for the direct printing of complex, functional living tissues without the need for scaffolding materials, addressing the limitations of traditional bioprinting methods [3][4][24]. Group 1: Traditional Bioprinting Limitations - Traditional 3D bioprinting relies on hydrogels that dilute cell density, resulting in printed tissues that are significantly less dense than real human organs, which can have cell densities as high as 100 million to 1 billion cells per milliliter [7][8]. - The presence of hydrogel scaffolds can physically obstruct direct cell communication, potentially leading to loss of cell characteristics and functionality [8]. Group 2: CLINK Technology Overview - The CLINK technology represents a paradigm shift by allowing cells to act as the building blocks for structures, utilizing a special connecting molecule (OMHA) that adheres to cell membranes and facilitates strong connections between adjacent cells under specific light conditions [10][11]. - This method enables the creation of highly dense tissues, achieving cell densities of up to 1 billion cells per milliliter, closely mimicking the physiological environment of living tissues [15]. Group 3: Applications and Results - The research team successfully printed various functional high-density organ tissue models, including: 1. A "mini heart" that exhibits rhythmic contractions similar to real cardiac cells [18]. 2. Functional neural circuits formed by connecting cortical and spinal motor neurons, demonstrating successful electrical signal transmission [19]. 3. A bioengineered liver tissue that shows enhanced liver-specific functions and integrates well when implanted in mice [20]. 4. Accelerated healing of full-thickness skin wounds in mice using CLINK-printed grafts, outperforming traditional hydrogel carriers [21]. Group 4: Future Prospects - This innovative "pure cell" 3D bioprinting technology paves the way for personalized organ manufacturing, drug screening, regenerative medicine, and fundamental research into human development and disease mechanisms [24][25].