新一轮动力电池革命，是直接往里加“矿石”？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the evolution and advantages of oxide electrolytes in solid-liquid batteries, highlighting their commercial viability and potential to replace traditional liquid batteries in the future [11][83]. Group 1: Evolution of Oxide Electrolytes - Oxide electrolytes have a history of over 60 years, being the earliest solid-state electrolytes discovered [11]. - Initial discoveries in the 1960s showed that certain refractory materials could exhibit conductivity under specific conditions, leading to the exploration of oxides as battery electrolytes [11][12]. - The development of lithium oxides in the 1990s marked a significant shift in research focus, resulting in various oxide electrolyte types [15][16]. - Lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) was synthesized in 1987, demonstrating a significant improvement in conductivity compared to earlier oxides [22][23]. - LLTO has been successfully used in commercial applications, such as in the NIO ET7 and Zhiji L6 vehicles [33]. Group 2: Advantages of Oxide Electrolytes - Oxide electrolytes are more compatible with liquid electrolytes compared to sulfide and polymer electrolytes, which enhances their performance in solid-liquid batteries [47][49]. - They exhibit high stability and can withstand high temperatures (up to 800°C) without degradation, making them safer and more reliable [59][63]. - The production process for oxide electrolytes is less complex and requires lower investment compared to sulfide electrolytes, leading to lower costs and easier scalability [67][69]. - The cost of oxide solid-liquid batteries is currently only 5-10% higher than that of liquid batteries, with potential for further cost reductions [69]. Group 3: Challenges and Future Prospects - While oxide electrolytes excel in solid-liquid batteries, they face challenges in full solid-state battery applications due to interface issues [75][78]. - Research is ongoing to combine oxide and polymer electrolytes to create composite solid-state electrolytes that can leverage the strengths of both materials [82]. - The future of solid-liquid batteries depends on overcoming the conductivity limitations of oxide electrolytes to enhance fast-charging capabilities [85][86].