减重也抗癌！司美格鲁肽竟可有效降低10种患癌风险

Core Insights - There is a significant association between obesity and the incidence of various cancers, with at least 12 types of cancer directly related to obesity, including colorectal, liver, gallbladder, pancreatic, breast, uterine, ovarian, kidney, thyroid cancers, multiple myeloma, gastric cardia cancer, and esophageal adenocarcinoma [2][4]. Group 1: Cancer and Obesity - Obesity is considered a causative factor for several cancers, and the incidence of these cancers is increasing alongside rising obesity rates [4]. - The rise in obesity-related cancers is particularly notable among younger populations, highlighting the need for improved public health policies and lifestyle changes [4]. Group 2: Mechanisms Linking Obesity and Cancer - Chronic inflammation caused by obesity is linked to the occurrence and progression of cancer [5]. - Metabolic disorders resulting from obesity, such as insulin resistance and changes in sex hormone levels, may promote tumor cell growth and development [6]. - Obesity alters the tumor microenvironment, affecting interactions between tumor cells and immune cells, which can facilitate tumor growth [7]. - Obesity may suppress the quantity and activity of important immune cells, such as CD8+ T cells, thereby inhibiting anti-tumor immune surveillance [8]. - Changes in gut microbiota in obese patients are closely associated with breast tumor growth and poor prognosis, playing a crucial role in obesity-induced cancer development [8]. Group 3: GLP-1 and Cancer Risk - Recent research published in JAMA Network Open indicates that GLP-1 therapy significantly reduces the risk of 10 obesity-related cancers among 1.6 million type 2 diabetes patients who had no prior history of certain cancers [9]. - The specific cancers with reduced risk include gallbladder cancer (65% reduction), meningioma (63%), pancreatic cancer (59%), hepatocellular carcinoma (53%), ovarian cancer (48%), colorectal cancer (46%), multiple myeloma (41%), esophageal cancer (40%), endometrial cancer (26%), and kidney cancer (24%) [11]. - The study suggests that GLP-1 drugs may have potential benefits in cancer prevention for high-risk populations, warranting further research into the cancer-preventive effects of new-generation drugs [11]. Group 4: Weight Loss Data - In the PIONEER PLUS phase 3 study, oral semaglutide was shown to lead to an average weight loss of 9.2 kg (9.54%) and 7.0 kg (7.26%) for 50 mg and 25 mg doses, respectively, over 68 weeks [12]. - The latest OASIS 1 study reported an average weight loss of 18.34 kg (17.4%) in patients taking the 50 mg dose of oral semaglutide, indicating an improvement in weight loss outcomes [13].