Cell Stem Cell：上海科技大学向阳飞团队建立交感神经节类器官，在体外模拟交感-心脏连接

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a significant advancement in the field of neuroscience, specifically the successful creation of human sympathetic ganglia organoids (hSGO) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC), which can be integrated with human heart organoids (hHFO) to form a human sympathetically innervated heart organoid (hSHO) [1][6]. Group 1: Research Background - The sympathetic ganglia are a crucial component of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and play an essential role in maintaining homeostasis [4]. - Previous attempts to create organoids representing the peripheral nervous system have been limited, particularly in mimicking the self-organizing development of sympathetic ganglia [5]. Group 2: Research Methodology - The research team utilized directed 3D differentiation techniques from human pluripotent stem cells to develop a method for generating human sympathetic ganglia organoids (hSGO), which exhibit directed and self-organizing sympathetic neuronal differentiation [5]. - The hSGO produced sympathetic neurons and glial cells, demonstrating functional development over long-term culture [5]. Group 3: Key Findings - By fusing hSGO with hHFO, the researchers successfully recreated the functional sympathetic innervation of the human heart, resulting in the formation of hSHO [6]. - The hSHO model allows for the evaluation of factors regulating sympathetic innervation of the heart, such as nerve growth factor signaling, and reveals that inter-tissue interactions influence the development of both sympathetic nerves and the heart [6].