Nature系列综述：类器官之父解读类器官在药物研发中的机遇和挑战

Core Insights - The article discusses the significance of organoids as advanced 3D models derived from stem cells, which closely mimic human tissue complexity and functionality, offering advantages over traditional 2D cell lines and animal models in drug discovery and disease modeling [1][2]. Group 1: Organoid Applications - Organoids can be utilized for disease modeling, drug screening, and safety assessments, providing a more physiologically relevant environment compared to 2D cell lines [2][12]. - The potential for personalized medicine is highlighted, as organoids can be generated from patient-derived cells, allowing for individualized drug testing [2][12]. Group 2: Comparison with Other Models - Organoids exhibit high physiological relevance, effectively mimicking human tissue complexity, while 2D cell lines have limited structural mimicry and animal models present interspecies differences [3]. - In terms of throughput, organoids offer medium to high capabilities, constrained by growth complexity, whereas 2D cell lines are high throughput but lack physiological relevance [3]. Group 3: Challenges and Future Directions - Despite advancements, challenges remain in the scalability and reproducibility of organoid cultures, particularly for high-throughput screening [12]. - Innovations are needed in vascularization, immune system integration, and multi-organ modeling to enhance the predictive capabilities of organoids for human therapeutic responses [12].