AI只是可控工具： AI伦理学者乔安娜·布赖森谈AGI神话与未来治理

Core Viewpoint - AI is fundamentally a controllable tool, and its development should not be overly emphasized as a unique entity separate from other tools used in various fields [5]. Economic Impact - The introduction of automation can lead to two effects: substitution effect, which reduces labor demand, and enhancement effect, which increases productivity and creates more jobs. Current research indicates that the UK has not shown a significant substitution effect, but rather an increase in employment in high-productivity sectors [5]. - The high costs associated with creating large language models raise questions about whether the economic benefits can justify these investments [5]. Political Implications - Economic downturns can lead to political polarization, exacerbated by social media and AI's role in targeted information dissemination. Loss of economic security can trigger identity crises and extreme behaviors [5]. AGI and Market Dynamics - The concept of AGI is relevant when considering governments and companies as forms of AI, as they amplify human intelligence through complexity. The real challenge lies in managing and regulating these systems to ensure transparency and accountability [6]. - Some tech companies are incentivizing employees based on AI outcomes rather than understanding AI systems, which poses risks if focus is solely on results without understanding operational mechanisms [6]. - The push for AGI narratives may signal an overheated market, necessitating attention to potential market control issues [7]. Employment and Skills - AI's impact on jobs is often misunderstood; work represents control over productivity and resources. Automation may replace some jobs but also centralizes power within companies [8]. - The revaluation of skills is crucial as technological advancements can diminish the value of long-acquired skills. Education and social security systems need reform to support individuals in adapting to new job markets [9]. Redefining Work - The definition of work may evolve in a future where many jobs are automated, focusing more on social connections and personal identity rather than purely economic benefits [10]. - Certain jobs related to core societal functions, such as national defense and climate crisis management, will remain essential [11]. AI Consciousness and Responsibility - Current AI does not possess consciousness; it operates under human-defined goals. The distinction between AI's operational independence and human decision-making is critical [13][14]. - AGI will always be a tool designed and controlled by humans, and the focus should be on ensuring AI systems are transparent and accountable [14]. AI Governance - The responsibility chain for AI products is vital, as highlighted by the EU AI Act, which mandates clarity on who is accountable for AI systems [15][19]. - Effective regulation of AI platforms is necessary to prevent market concentration and ensure fair competition [21]. Global Regulatory Challenges - Cross-national regulation of tech companies is an overlooked issue, with the EU taking a proactive stance compared to the US's relaxed approach [22]. - The role of advertising and data usage by multinational companies needs reevaluation to ensure it serves public interest rather than just corporate profit [22]. Conclusion - AI regulation should be treated as a controllable engineering product, requiring clear oversight mechanisms to align with human interests [23].