谭天伟院士揭秘生物制造：30万亿美元未来产业的三大挑战和趋势

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that China is poised to play a significant role in the future of biomanufacturing, which is expected to create an economic value exceeding $30 trillion by 2050, marking it as a core driver of the next industrial revolution [2][7]. Summary by Sections What is Biomanufacturing? - Biomanufacturing transforms living organisms, such as microorganisms and cells, into "smart factories" that produce various substances needed by humans. This process marks a fundamental shift from traditional manufacturing, which relies on fossil resources, to using renewable resources like sugar, straw, and carbon dioxide [2][3]. Importance of Biomanufacturing - Biomanufacturing is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality as it significantly reduces carbon emissions by utilizing renewable resources instead of fossil fuels. It allows for a broader range of raw materials and a greener manufacturing process, making factories resemble ecosystems [3]. - The potential for programmable manufacturing is immense, as scientists can design microorganisms to produce specific molecules, akin to writing code, thus unlocking vast possibilities [3]. Impact on Daily Life - In the food sector, cell-cultured meat and new food ingredients like microbial proteins are becoming mainstream. - The fashion industry is seeing innovations such as bio-silk from bacteria and biodegradable textiles from algae and fungi. - In construction, "bio-bricks" made from fungal mycelium can self-repair and absorb carbon dioxide, potentially transforming buildings into "green life forms." - Transportation is advancing with the production of aviation fuel from carbon dioxide, and biomanufacturing is also contributing to greener lubricants and tire rubbers. - In healthcare, biomanufacturing can streamline drug synthesis, enabling personalized medicine and potentially allowing hospitals to "print" drugs and organs [4]. Challenges and Future Trends - Biomanufacturing faces challenges such as the need for improved foundational capabilities in gene editing and enzyme engineering, difficulties in scaling from lab to industrial production, and the lack of a comprehensive policy and standards framework [5]. - Future trends include the integration of artificial intelligence in biomanufacturing, enabling rapid strain improvement, carbon cycling in manufacturing processes, and cross-industry collaborations that will create new industrial ecosystems [6]. Opportunities for China - China has advantages in fermentation capacity, industrial scale, and engineering experience. The government is actively promoting biomanufacturing as a new growth engine, positioning the country to take a leading role in this transformative industry [7].