大家排队买的面包店，一年倒了8万家

Core Insights - The article discusses the rapid growth and subsequent challenges faced by the fresh-baked goods industry in China, highlighting the shift from a booming market to one characterized by oversaturation and competition [5][6][9]. Group 1: Market Dynamics - The number of bakery stores in China reached approximately 298,000 as of November 13, 2023, down from 340,000 the previous year, indicating a net decrease of 77,000 stores despite the addition of 17,300 new bakeries in the past year [6][9]. - The year 2024 is anticipated to be a pivotal year for fresh-baked goods, with many emerging brands expanding rapidly, despite consumers expressing concerns about affordability [5][6]. - The fresh-baked goods market in China was valued at 249.6 billion yuan in 2019 and is projected to reach 521.4 billion yuan by 2028, with bread expected to account for over 45% of the market share by that time [13]. Group 2: Business Model and Costs - Fresh-baked goods stores require significant upfront investment, with initial costs for a single store estimated at around 3.5 million yuan, including equipment, rent, and staffing [20][22]. - The operational model relies heavily on in-store production, necessitating larger kitchen spaces and more staff, which increases operational complexity and costs [18][20]. - A fresh-baked goods store must achieve monthly sales of 600,000 to 800,000 yuan to break even, contributing to the perception of high product prices among consumers [20][22]. Group 3: Competitive Landscape - The industry is experiencing a phase of "involution," where increased competition leads to price wars and product homogenization, making it difficult for brands to differentiate themselves [24][27]. - New entrants are often engaging in aggressive promotional strategies, such as significant discounts, which can undermine profitability and create unsustainable business practices [28][30]. - Established brands with a longer history and experienced staff are better positioned to survive the competitive landscape, while newer brands may struggle to maintain quality and customer loyalty [23][31].