Science发布2025十大科学突破，中国占据半壁江山——可再生能源、龙人头骨、异种器官移植、耐高温水稻

Group 1: Renewable Energy Development - China's rapid development in renewable energy has been recognized as the top scientific breakthrough of 2025, with significant contributions in solar and wind energy [4][5][9] - Global renewable energy generation has surpassed coal, with solar and wind energy growth covering the entire increase in global electricity consumption from January to June 2025 [6] - China plans to reduce carbon emissions by up to 10% over the next decade, primarily through the expansion of wind and solar energy rather than reducing energy usage [6][8] Group 2: Genetic Editing and Rare Diseases - A customized lipid nanoparticle-based base editing therapy successfully treated a rare genetic disorder in a child, demonstrating significant advancements in gene editing for rare diseases [12][14] Group 3: Antibiotics for Gonorrhea - Two new antibiotics, gepotidacin and zoliflodacin, have been approved by the FDA for treating gonorrhea, addressing the growing antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae [15][17] Group 4: Cancer Research - Research has revealed a new biological signaling axis involving neurons and cancer cells, providing insights into cancer metastasis and potential new treatment targets [18][23] Group 5: Astronomy and Data Collection - The Rubin Observatory will conduct continuous scans of the visible sky every three days for ten years, generating unprecedented amounts of data and detailed 3D maps of the universe [24][26][28] Group 6: Human Evolution - A study successfully extracted ancient DNA from the "Dragon Man" skull, linking it to Denisovans and enhancing understanding of East Asian human diversity and evolution [29][31][33] Group 7: AI in Scientific Research - Large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional capabilities in various scientific fields, leading to significant advancements and a shift in research paradigms [34][37] Group 8: Particle Physics - A breakthrough in calculating the magnetic properties of the muon particle using lattice gauge theory has provided new insights into particle physics, despite ruling out certain new physics possibilities [38][41] Group 9: Xenotransplantation - Milestones in xenotransplantation have been achieved with genetically modified pig kidneys surviving in human patients for extended periods, moving closer to addressing organ shortages [42][44][45] Group 10: Heat-Resistant Rice - Research has identified a natural gene switch in rice that enhances heat tolerance, significantly improving yield under high-temperature conditions [46][48][50]