黑米还能抗衰老？张启发/鲁友明团队Nature Aging论文，揭示黑米抑制阿尔茨海默病病理的作用机制

Core Viewpoint - Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles, leading to progressive cognitive decline. Current disease-modifying therapies are limited, and chronic neuroinflammation is recognized as a significant component of AD, making the regulation of neuroinflammatory pathways a promising treatment strategy [1][2]. Group 1: Dietary Interventions - Diet is an easily implementable intervention to regulate neuroinflammation, with black rice diet (BRD) being rich in unsaturated fatty acids that may combat neurodegeneration associated with aging [2][5]. - Increased intake of ω-3 fatty acids and carotenoids from fish and plants is linked to improved brain function and delayed cognitive decline [2]. Group 2: Research Findings - A study published in Nature Aging revealed that α-linolenic acid (ALA) and 11,14-eicosadienoic acid (EDA) from black rice can inhibit amyloid pathology in AD mouse models through allosteric activation of cell-type-specific GPR120, improving cognitive function and extending lifespan [3][10]. - The research demonstrated that BRD significantly prevents cognitive decline in two common AD mouse models, APP/PS1 and 5×FAD [5]. Group 3: Mechanisms of Action - ALA and EDA are identified as key mediators that reduce amyloid pathology and restore cognitive performance to wild-type levels by activating GPR120 in plaque-associated macrophages and activated microglia [7][8]. - The study elucidated the structural binding patterns of ALA and EDA with GPR120, enhancing the understanding of their allosteric effects and downstream signaling pathways [8]. Group 4: Implications for Treatment - The findings suggest that GPR120 activation has cell-type-specific functions in the brain, providing insights for the development of targeted therapies for Alzheimer's disease [10]. - While the actual intake of black rice may be challenging to achieve therapeutic concentrations, this research lays the groundwork for developing standardized therapeutic agents [11].