蔚来线控转向攻坚始末：从 “样板车” 到国家标准

Core Viewpoint - NIO is pioneering the mass production of steer-by-wire technology, aiming to redefine driving experiences and enhance vehicle interior space by decoupling the steering wheel from the wheels [2][5][15]. Group 1: Steer-by-Wire Technology - Steer-by-wire technology replaces the mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the wheels with electronic signals, allowing for more precise and faster steering responses [5]. - The decoupling of the steering wheel and wheels enables a larger and more comfortable front cabin space, with the steering wheel capable of moving back significantly, enhancing user experience [5][12]. - NIO's decision to fully commit to steer-by-wire technology was made during a product decision meeting for the ET9, where the team evaluated various aspects including user experience, technology maturity, and regulatory pathways [8][13]. Group 2: Development Challenges - Initial experiences with steer-by-wire technology revealed challenges such as steering feel, system stability, and safety, prompting NIO to prioritize this project and collaborate closely with ZF [16][19]. - NIO's approach to safety involved implementing a multi-redundancy system, ensuring that even if one part of the steering system fails, the vehicle can still be controlled safely [17]. - The development of a long-stroke electric adjustable steering column faced significant challenges, including noise reduction and maintaining performance standards, leading to extensive testing and optimization [21][23]. Group 3: Regulatory and Market Position - NIO's steer-by-wire system had to navigate a regulatory landscape lacking clear standards, requiring the company to advocate for the need for a "model vehicle" to establish benchmarks for future technologies [25][27]. - The ET9 became the first mass-produced steer-by-wire vehicle approved for sale in China, receiving dual certification from both Chinese and European markets, marking a significant milestone for the industry [28][30]. - NIO played a key role in drafting national standards for steer-by-wire technology, contributing to the establishment of technical boundaries and testing requirements for future implementations [28][30].