高盛复盘2025年中国股市十大启示：AI重估科技，反内卷修复盈利，慢牛已在路上

Core Viewpoint - Goldman Sachs believes that after two consecutive years of gains, the Chinese stock market is poised for a "slow bull" market driven by profit growth taking over from valuation recovery [1][2][4]. Group 1: Market Trends - The report identifies ten core trends for the Chinese stock market in 2025, highlighting that the market is transitioning from a "hope" phase to a "growth" phase, primarily driven by valuation rather than profit growth [2][4]. - A-shares and H-shares recorded annual returns of 16% and 29% respectively in 2025, significantly surpassing earlier predictions [2]. - The MSCI China Index's forward P/E ratio increased from 9.9x at the beginning of 2025 to 12.5x currently, while forward earnings per share (fEPS) declined by 4% [4]. Group 2: AI and Technology - The release of DeepSeek-R1 has fundamentally changed the investment narrative for Chinese tech stocks, contributing to a market capitalization increase of over $2 trillion across related sectors [2][11]. - The widespread adoption of AI is expected to drive annual profit growth of 3% for companies over the next decade through cost savings and productivity improvements [12]. Group 3: Trade Performance - China's trade performance has exceeded expectations, with exports growing by 5.4% year-on-year and the RMB appreciating by 4% against the USD [9]. - The resilience of Chinese exports indicates a shift from low-cost manufacturing to selling high-value products in emerging markets [13]. Group 4: Consumption Trends - Despite a sluggish real estate market and slow household income growth, there is significant differentiation within the consumption sector, with service consumption outperforming goods consumption [15]. - New consumption sectors, such as entertainment and specialty retail, have shown strong performance, with an average net profit growth of 28% in the first half of 2025 [16]. Group 5: Policy and Economic Outlook - The "anti-involution" policy is expected to enhance corporate profits in certain sectors by 50% by 2027, as supply-side reductions and industry consolidation take effect [18]. - The "14th Five-Year Plan" is highlighted as a critical investment blueprint, with a constructed portfolio yielding a 68% return over the past year, outperforming the MSCI China Index [20]. Group 6: Capital Flows - Domestic capital is increasingly interested in equity assets, with southbound capital inflows reaching $180 billion, a record high [21]. - Global hedge funds have increased their net exposure to China from 6.8% at the beginning of the year to 7.8% by the end of November [21]. Group 7: Market Valuation - The Chinese market is seen as increasingly attractive for diversification, with a 35% discount compared to developed markets and a 9% discount compared to other emerging markets [22]. - The report suggests that structural migration of capital towards equity assets in China may have already begun, as equity assets start to outperform other asset classes [23].