Cell Stem Cell：山东大学陈子江/赵涵/吴克良团队首次实现人类胚胎与子宫内膜3D共培养，揭开生命早期“对话”奥秘

Core Viewpoint - The research highlights the importance of the interaction between the embryo and the endometrium during the early stages of pregnancy, revealing that the endometrium actively regulates the implantation process rather than being a passive recipient [2][5]. Group 1: Research Findings - A 3D co-culture system was developed to allow human embryos to interact with endometrial tissue, significantly improving embryo survival rates and providing insights into early pregnancy mechanisms [2][5]. - The study found that trophoblast cells began to invade the endometrial organoid by day 7, and key developmental milestones were observed that were not seen in previous culture systems without maternal tissue [5][8]. - The endometrium was shown to initiate the invasion program of extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) three days earlier than previously recorded, indicating a proactive role in the implantation process [8]. Group 2: Molecular Mechanisms - The research identified that EVT cells, crucial for placental invasion, appeared significantly earlier in the co-culture system, with molecular signals activating key invasion genes [8][9]. - The study demonstrated that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is essential for successful implantation, with blocking its function leading to a drastic decrease in embryo adhesion and development [9][10]. - The embryo was observed to exchange materials with the mother through vesicle transport, mimicking in vivo dynamics within the co-culture environment [10].