在“平台里的平台”抢单，我才明白网约车为何越跑越穷

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges and pitfalls of the ride-hailing aggregation model in China, highlighting how it has created a difficult ecosystem for drivers, small platforms, and passengers, leading to a situation where all parties are trapped in a cycle of low prices and high competition [5][6][7]. Aggregation Model Overview - The ride-hailing aggregation model allows users to access multiple ride-hailing services through a single platform, enhancing convenience and reducing costs for consumers [9]. - Major players like Gaode Map, Baidu Map, Meituan Dache, and Tencent have entered the market, driving the popularity of this model [9]. Structural Challenges for Small Platforms - Small ride-hailing platforms, while gaining access to orders and technical support through aggregation, lose direct contact with users and brand recognition, becoming mere "capacity suppliers" [11][12]. - The reliance on third-party SaaS providers for operational support further diminishes their autonomy, as they must adhere to the algorithms and strategies set by these providers [12][21]. Price Competition and Its Consequences - The aggregation model has led to intense price competition among small platforms, forcing them to lower fares to attract customers, often below cost [16][22]. - Drivers face pressure to meet high performance targets to qualify for minimum income guarantees, leading to long working hours and financial stress [18][19]. Driver Incentives and Challenges - Small platforms offer various incentive schemes, such as commission-free cards and minimum income guarantees, but these often come with stringent conditions that are difficult for drivers to meet [17][18]. - The increasing demands for performance metrics, such as daily online hours and order completion rates, exacerbate the challenges faced by drivers [19][21]. Impact on the Overall Ecosystem - The aggregation model has resulted in a loss of brand identity for small platforms, making it difficult for them to attract customers independently [21][22]. - The pressure on pricing and service quality has led to a decline in overall service standards, affecting passenger experiences and complicating dispute resolution [23][24]. Conclusion and Future Outlook - The aggregation model, while initially intended to enhance efficiency and convenience, has devolved into a competitive struggle that undermines the interests of all stakeholders [26][27]. - A reevaluation of competitive strategies and a balance between commercial interests and social responsibilities are necessary for the ride-hailing industry to evolve into a healthier ecosystem [27][28].