Immunity：癌症中存在两种功能相反的Treg细胞亚群——一个促肿瘤，一个抗肿瘤

Core Viewpoint - The study identifies two opposing subsets of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in colorectal cancer: IL-10⁺ Treg cells, which are anti-tumor, and IL-10⁻ Treg cells, which are pro-tumor, suggesting a potential for targeted cancer immunotherapy by preserving anti-tumor Treg cells while selectively depleting pro-tumor Treg cells [3][7][11]. Group 1 - The research highlights the heterogeneity of tumor-associated Treg cells in colorectal cancer, identifying IL-10⁺ Treg cells and IL-10⁻ Treg cells as distinct subsets with opposing functions [5][10]. - Selective depletion of IL-10⁺ Treg cells promotes tumor growth by removing their inhibitory effect on effector CD4⁺ T cells, while depleting IL-10⁻ Treg cells leads to significant tumor regression [5][10]. - The abundance of IL-10⁺ Treg cells correlates with good prognosis, whereas IL-10⁻ Treg cells are associated with poor prognosis in human colorectal cancer [6][11]. Group 2 - The study suggests that the functional dichotomy of Treg cell subsets may be a universal phenomenon observed in other barrier tissues such as skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract tumors [3][7]. - This research proposes a new paradigm for cancer immunotherapy, shifting from a broad approach of enhancing or suppressing the entire immune system to a more precise strategy of targeting immunosuppressive Treg cell subsets while preserving protective ones [11].