马斯克宣布：量产脑机接口，手术全自动化

Core Viewpoint - Neuralink is set to begin mass production of brain-machine interface devices in 2026, transitioning from laboratory to clinical applications, with a focus on simplifying and automating the surgical process [2][4][46]. Group 1: Development Timeline - Neuralink was founded in 2016 with the goal of creating brain chips that allow direct control of computers through neural signals [20][37]. - The company has made significant progress over the years, including animal experiments in 2019, demonstrations with a pig in 2020, and enabling a monkey to play a game using its thoughts in 2021 [38][39][40]. - In 2023, Neuralink received FDA approval to conduct human clinical trials, marking a pivotal moment in its development [42]. Group 2: Surgical Process and Technology - The current surgical procedure for implanting the brain chip involves complex steps, including the removal of part of the skull and the dura mater, which makes it difficult to scale [11][12]. - Neuralink aims to simplify this process by allowing the electrode wires to penetrate the dura mater without needing to cut it, reducing risks and costs associated with the surgery [15][17]. - This new "minimally invasive" approach is expected to lower the barriers for standardization and increase the accessibility of the technology [17][26]. Group 3: Market Potential and Applications - There is a significant market demand for brain-machine interfaces, particularly for treating neurological disorders such as paralysis, muscular atrophy, Parkinson's disease, dementia, and vision impairment [9][21]. - The first human volunteer for Neuralink's trials, Noland Arbaugh, was able to post on social media and play video games using only his brain signals after the implant [22][25]. - If Neuralink can successfully scale production and reduce surgical costs, it could transform the lives of many individuals with neurological conditions [26]. Group 4: Future Vision - Beyond medical applications, Neuralink is also exploring the concept of cyborgs, positioning its technology as a defense against potential threats from advanced AI [27][28]. - Elon Musk envisions a future where humans can enhance their cognitive abilities through brain-machine interfaces, allowing for rapid skill acquisition and adaptation [30][31]. - This could lead to a significant leap in human civilization, fundamentally changing how skills and knowledge are accessed and utilized [31].