马斯克宣布：量产脑机接口，手术全自动化

Core Viewpoint - Neuralink, founded by Elon Musk, aims to mass-produce brain-machine interface devices by 2026, transitioning from laboratory to clinical applications, with a focus on simplifying the surgical process for implantation [1][10][42]. Group 1: Neuralink's Development Timeline - Neuralink was established in 2016, with significant milestones including animal experiments in 2019, demonstrations with a pig in 2020, and a monkey playing a game in 2021 [33][34][35][36]. - In 2023, Neuralink received FDA approval to conduct human clinical trials, marking a pivotal moment in its development [38]. - By September 2025, Neuralink had implanted devices in 12 patients, which increased to 20 by December of the same year [5][41]. Group 2: Surgical Process and Technology - The current surgical procedure for implanting the brain-machine interface involves complex steps, including the removal of part of the skull and the dura mater, which complicates scalability [8][9]. - Neuralink plans to simplify this process by allowing electrode wires to penetrate the dura mater without cutting it, reducing risks and costs associated with the surgery [12][14]. - This new "minimally invasive" approach is expected to lower the barriers for standardization and increase the accessibility of the technology [14]. Group 3: Market Potential and Applications - The demand for brain-machine interfaces is significant, particularly for treating neurological disorders such as paralysis, muscular atrophy, Parkinson's disease, dementia, and vision impairments [6][18]. - The first human volunteer for Neuralink's device, Noland Arbaugh, was able to post on social media and play video games post-surgery, showcasing the potential life-changing impact of the technology [19][22]. - If Neuralink successfully scales production and reduces surgical costs, it could transform the lives of many individuals with neurological conditions [23]. Group 4: Broader Implications and Future Vision - Beyond medical applications, Musk envisions Neuralink as a means for humanity to keep pace with advanced AI, suggesting that a high-bandwidth interface could prevent humans from becoming obsolete [25][27]. - The potential for individuals to update their skills through direct brain connections to the internet could lead to unprecedented advancements in human civilization [28].