首次使用司美格鲁肽等GLP-1类药物，你都需要注意些什么？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the usage, storage, dietary considerations, and potential side effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist drug Semaglutide, emphasizing the importance of proper administration and nutrition for users [2][3][4][6]. Usage Guidelines - Initial dosage of Semaglutide should start at 0.25 mg weekly, gradually increasing as per medical advice, with a maximum single dose of 1 mg [2]. - Oral Semaglutide should be taken before breakfast with no more than 120 ml of water, and patients should wait at least 30 minutes before consuming food or other medications [2][5]. - The injectable form is administered subcutaneously once a week, with recommended sites being the abdomen, outer thigh, and upper arm [2][5]. Storage Conditions - Oral Semaglutide is more flexible in storage and does not require refrigeration, while unopened injectable Semaglutide must be stored in a refrigerator (2°C-8°C) and can be kept at room temperature (below 30°C) for up to 6 weeks after first use [3]. Monitoring and Side Effects - Regular blood sugar monitoring is essential during Semaglutide use, with necessary dosage adjustments made under medical supervision [4]. - Gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur, particularly in the initial treatment phase, but often lessen over time [4]. Dietary Considerations - Users of Semaglutide should focus on nutrient-dense foods, ensuring adequate intake of quality protein, fiber, and hydration, while considering the potential for nutrient deficiencies due to reduced food intake [6][10]. - A balanced meal plate should include protein, vegetables, and starches, tailored to individual health conditions and preferences [9][10]. Foods to Avoid - High-fat foods, especially fried and heavily oil-based dishes, should be avoided as they may cause gastrointestinal discomfort [12]. - Foods high in trans fats and saturated fats, such as full-fat dairy and red meats, can exacerbate gastrointestinal issues and affect drug efficacy [12]. - High-sugar foods and refined carbohydrates should be limited to prevent blood sugar spikes, particularly for diabetic patients [14]. - Alcohol consumption should be minimized as it can aggravate digestive issues and increase the risk of hypoglycemia [15]. Positive Body Composition Changes - A study involving 241 patients showed that those who lost weight while using Semaglutide experienced positive changes in body composition, including reductions in visceral fat area and liver volume, which are beneficial for metabolic health [16][17].