每日钉一下（指数背后上市公司的盈利，为什么能长期增长？）

Group 1 - The article emphasizes that different stock markets do not move in unison, and understanding multiple markets can provide investors with more opportunities [2] - Global investment can significantly reduce volatility risk, allowing investors to share in the long-term gains of global markets [2] - A free course is offered to teach methods for investing in global stock markets through index funds, along with supplementary materials like course notes and mind maps [2][3] Group 2 - The long-term returns from investments primarily stem from the profit growth of the underlying listed companies [5] - The net value of index funds is determined by the price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio multiplied by earnings plus dividends, with the P/E ratio fluctuating within a certain range [6] - While the P/E ratio has upper and lower limits, the profit growth of listed companies does not have a clear upper limit, driven by factors such as company size and inflation [6][7] Group 3 - Companies with pricing power can pass on inflation-related cost increases to consumers, which can lead to long-term profit growth [7] - Not all companies have the ability to transfer inflation costs, and some may incur losses; however, broad indices like the CSI 300 include sectors such as consumer goods, pharmaceuticals, and technology that are likely to outperform inflation [7]