达利欧年度复盘：美元贬值，美股高回报只是“计价幻觉”，黄金跑赢一切

Core Insights - The main investment narrative for 2025 is not the strong performance of the US stock market, but rather the significant changes in currency values and the global shift in asset allocation, with gold emerging as the true winner [1][5][12]. Currency Value Changes - The US dollar has depreciated significantly against other currencies, with declines of 13% against the Swiss franc, 12% against the euro, and 4% against the Chinese yuan. This depreciation creates an illusion of asset appreciation when measured in local currency [6][12]. - Gold has established itself as a major reserve asset, taking on the role of the second-largest reserve currency, highlighting the critical impact of currency movements on wealth transfer [6][12]. Stock Market Performance - The S&P 500 index recorded an 18% total return in USD, driven by a 12% increase in earnings and a 5% rise in price-to-earnings ratios. However, when measured in stronger currencies, the performance appears significantly weaker [8][15]. - The "Seven Giants" within the S&P 500 saw a 22% earnings growth, while the remaining 493 stocks experienced a 9% growth, indicating a disparity in profit distribution favoring capital owners over workers [8][15]. Global Market Dynamics - Non-US markets, including Europe, China, and Japan, outperformed US stocks, with emerging markets showing an overall return of 34%. This reflects a significant capital shift away from US assets [5][14]. - The interest of foreign investors in US dollar-denominated assets is declining, leading to a preference for non-US equities and bonds [6][14]. Political and Geopolitical Factors - The political landscape is shifting from multilateralism to unilateralism, increasing military spending and sanctions, which diminishes the attractiveness of US dollar assets [10][25]. - The growing wealth gap, exacerbated by inflation, is likely to lead to political unrest and conflict between left and right factions in the US, impacting market stability [10][20]. Non-Liquid Markets - Non-liquid markets such as venture capital, private equity, and real estate are under pressure, facing significant debt rollover challenges and a potential rise in liquidity premiums [9][19]. - The current low liquidity premium may lead to a decline in the value of non-liquid assets compared to liquid ones, posing risks for investors [9][19].