Cell子刊：华西医院何中山团队开发免疫调控纳米疗法，治疗动脉粥样硬化

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the development of a novel inorganic nano-immunotherapy platform, PEGylated violet phosphorus nanosheets (VPNS@P), which aims to restore immune homeostasis in atherosclerotic plaques, highlighting its potential in treating atherosclerosis through immune modulation [3][6][10]. Group 1: Atherosclerosis Mechanism - Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by the interaction of immune cells within plaques, leading to arterial wall damage and plaque accumulation [2][5]. - Key immune cells such as macrophages/monocytes play a crucial role in promoting plaque formation by inducing foam cell generation and activating inflammatory cytokine secretion [2]. - T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes also regulate the immune environment, exhibiting both pro-atherosclerotic and anti-atherosclerotic effects [2]. Group 2: Development of VPNS@P - The research team developed VPNS@P, which effectively accumulates in the immune microenvironment of atherosclerotic plaques, particularly in macrophages and monocytes, with minimal non-target uptake [6][7]. - VPNS@P significantly reduced plaque area in mouse models of atherosclerosis and improved plaque stability without observed side effects [7]. Group 3: Mechanism of Action - The study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to reveal that VPNS@P can suppress inflammation and enhance immunity by modulating four key immune cell populations: macrophages, monocytes, T cells, and B cells [7][8]. - VPNS@P also reshapes intercellular communication among immune cells, uncovering potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis treatment [8]. Group 4: Research Highlights - The study emphasizes the development of a targeted inorganic nano-platform that reprograms the immune microenvironment of plaques [8]. - The nano-therapy demonstrates a safe approach to reducing plaque burden and enhancing plaque stability [8]. - Mechanistic analysis reveals immune reprogramming phenomena within four critical immune cell populations [8].