告别体重拉锯战！Nature权威解读：拆穿减肥“反弹”真相，四大实用策略出击

Core Viewpoint - The article focuses on individuals who successfully lose weight through lifestyle changes but experience weight regain, highlighting the challenges of long-term obesity management and effective strategies to prevent weight rebound [7][11]. Summary by Sections Weight Rebound Challenges - A systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that approximately 75% of individuals who lose an average of 14 kg through lifestyle interventions will regain weight within about five years [7]. - Weight rebound is not limited to those who undergo lifestyle changes; individuals who stop medication or have undergone weight loss surgery also face similar challenges [7]. Mechanisms Behind Weight Rebound - Research from 2022 shows that macrophages in adipose tissue produce elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokines, contributing to a "fat memory" that increases the risk of weight regain [9]. - A 2023 study published in Nature Metabolism reveals that obese individuals have a diminished brain response to nutritional stimuli, which may be a key factor in weight rebound after successful weight loss [9]. Strategies to Reduce Weight Rebound Risk 1. Dietary Adjustments - High-protein, low glycemic index (GI), or low glycemic load diets can help reduce the risk of weight rebound. Anti-inflammatory dietary patterns are also recommended [11]. 2. Increased Physical Activity - Regular exercise improves leptin sensitivity, enhances sympathetic nervous activity, reduces hunger, and promotes fat oxidation, which aids in maintaining weight loss [12]. 3. Pharmacological and Biomedical Interventions - In addition to diet and exercise, pharmacological treatments and other biomedical methods are suggested to prevent weight rebound by reducing adipose tissue mass [13]. 4. Individualized Management and Ongoing Research - The occurrence of weight rebound is influenced by multiple factors, necessitating further scientific research to explore more effective long-term management strategies [14].