Cell：袁钧瑛/邹呈雨等阐述Treg研究荣获诺奖后的下一步研究重点与挑战

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the promising advancements in regulatory T cell (Treg) biology and their potential clinical applications in treating immune-related diseases, emphasizing the shift from immune suppression to immune tolerance as a therapeutic strategy [2][4][5][8]. Group 1: Treg Cell Biology and Clinical Applications - Treg cells, defined by FOXP3 expression, play a crucial role as natural suppressors of autoreactive immune responses, with research over the past 30 years highlighting their importance [2][3]. - Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of enhancing or transferring Treg cells, showing encouraging results in various immune-related diseases [5][8]. - The article outlines key findings in Treg biology and clinical applications, including promising results from low-dose IL-2 treatment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the effectiveness of adoptive Treg cell transfer in preventing graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) [5][7]. Group 2: Challenges and Future Directions - A significant challenge remains in translating Treg cell biology discoveries into effective therapies for human diseases [4][8]. - The article emphasizes the need for further research to clarify dose sensitivity mechanisms and develop targeted therapies for Treg cells [7][8]. - The concept of "tolerance-by-design" is proposed as a potential paradigm shift in treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, similar to the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells in oncology [19].