纽约时报：为什么强大的俄罗斯武器在委内瑞拉未能奏效？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the failure of Venezuela's advanced Russian-made air defense systems, which were unable to effectively protect the country during a U.S. military operation aimed at capturing President Nicolás Maduro. The lack of operational readiness and maintenance of these systems highlights the limitations of the military alliance between Venezuela and Russia [1][3][4]. Group 1: Air Defense System Ineffectiveness - Venezuela's S-300 and Buk-M2 air defense systems were not operational during a U.S. strike, as they were not connected to radar and some components remained in storage [3][4]. - Analysis of satellite images and social media revealed that the Venezuelan military was unprepared for the U.S. invasion, with critical air defense systems not deployed or operational [11][12]. - Corruption, logistical issues, and sanctions have severely diminished the operational capability of Venezuela's air defense systems [4][7]. Group 2: Russian Responsibility and Influence - Russian training personnel and technicians were expected to ensure the air defense systems were fully operational, but their absence contributed to the failure [6][7]. - The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has limited Russia's ability to maintain these systems in Venezuela, leading to their deterioration [7]. - The perceived alliance between Russia and Venezuela may not be as strong as portrayed, with indications that Russia has signaled a willingness to allow U.S. influence in Venezuela in exchange for freedom of action in Ukraine [8][9]. Group 3: Implications for Regional Power Dynamics - The failure of Venezuela's air defense systems during the U.S. operation represents a significant blow to Russia's influence in the region [8][9]. - The relationship between Venezuela and Russia is under scrutiny, as Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov indicated that Venezuela is not as strategically important to Russia as Belarus [9]. - The aftermath of the U.S. operation may damage Russia's reputation and influence in Latin America, as the perceived military support did not materialize when needed [11][15].