首席商业评论·2026-01-13 04:15Core Viewpoint - China's tightening of rare earth export controls against Japan is a significant move that could severely impact Japan's industrial capabilities, particularly in the automotive and military sectors [3][8][19]. Group 1: Impact on Japanese Industry - Japan's automotive manufacturers are shifting towards reducing rare earth usage, but they acknowledge that rare earths are crucial for small electric vehicles and related technologies. A prolonged impact could severely affect the entire Japanese automotive industry [5][10]. - The recent announcement from China includes a comprehensive control list that targets not only rare earths but also over a thousand items critical to Japan's industrial and military supply chains [8][12]. - Japan's dependency on China for heavy rare earths like dysprosium and terbium is nearly 100%, which poses a significant risk to its electric vehicle and robotics sectors amid supply chain disruptions [10][19]. Group 2: Economic Consequences - Estimates from Nomura Research suggest that limitations on metal raw material supplies could lead to a decrease in Japan's GDP by 2.6 trillion yen, or 0.43% overall [14]. - The impact of these controls is expected to extend across key sectors, including automotive, electronic components, wind power, medical devices, and aerospace [14]. Group 3: Japan's Response and Future Strategies - Japan has been seeking alternative sources for rare earths since 2010, with Australia being a potential supplier. However, the higher costs and limited production capacity of Australian rare earths make it a challenging substitute in the short term [19]. - Japan is initiating deep-sea rare earth mud drilling tests near Minami-Torishima, with plans to assess the feasibility of commercial production by 2027. However, the high costs and uncertain yield of deep-sea operations present significant challenges [20][23]. - The recent launch of a rare earth price index by China's Baotou Rare Earth Products Exchange aims to enhance pricing transparency and strengthen China's position in global commodity pricing [23].