Cell Stem Cell：顾奇团队等开发新型生物3D打印技术，实现脊髓损伤的功能性修复

Core Viewpoint - The research introduces a novel bioprinting strategy called NEAT (Nanoengineered Extrusion-Aligned Tract) that addresses the challenges in spinal cord repair by enabling the construction of aligned structures from nanofibers to centimeter-scale tissues without post-processing, demonstrating significant functional recovery in animal models [3][4][9]. Group 1 - The NEAT strategy utilizes shear stress during the extrusion printing process to induce directional rearrangement and ordered assembly of chemically modified collagen fibers, maintaining the collagen triple helix structure and bioactivity [6][9]. - In vitro functional assessments show that NEAT-printed aligned tissues exhibit significant advantages in cell differentiation and functional maturity, supporting over 8 weeks of culture [7]. - The NEAT approach successfully resolves technical challenges in manufacturing ultra-soft, high-water-content tissues, establishing a methodological foundation for future in vitro functional models and multi-scale biomanufacturing systems [9]. Group 2 - The research team, led by researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, published their findings in the journal Cell Stem Cell, highlighting the potential of NEAT in promoting axonal reconnection and synapse formation in a rat spinal cord injury model [3][4]. - The NEAT technology integrates topological control, cell programming, and functional integration, providing a robust platform for neural tissue engineering and spinal cord regeneration [4]. - The study emphasizes the importance of optimizing key parameters such as nozzle size, printing speed, and extrusion pressure to achieve continuous fiber alignment from hundreds of nanometers to micrometers [6].