全球化红利与保守转向：门罗主义背后的价格与数量博弈

Group 1 - The article discusses the benefits of multilateralism and globalization, emphasizing the multiplication effect of price and quantity, where a leading entity can set favorable prices while expanding market size through cooperation [3][4][5] - It highlights the ideal scenario where multilateralism enhances economies of scale, allowing dominant countries to maintain high marginal profits and achieve absolute gains while fostering relative prosperity for followers [5][6] - The article also addresses the challenges posed by technological spillovers and productivity diffusion, which can erode the core advantages of leading countries, leading to increased competition and potential internal conflicts [6][10] Group 2 - The concept of Monroe Doctrine-like strategies is introduced, suggesting that protectionism can be a rational response to maintain price stability by sacrificing some market quantity [9][10] - The article reflects on the shift towards a conservative path in the U.S., characterized by economic protectionism and a focus on core strengths, while still benefiting from technological advancements that drive productivity [14][15] - It concludes that the future of globalization lies in finding a dynamic balance between price and quantity, openness and protection, as well as sharing and monopolization [15]