马斯克最大算力中心建成了：全球首个GW级超算集群，再创世界纪录

Core Viewpoint - The launch of Colossus 2, the world's first 1GW supercomputing cluster, marks a significant advancement in AI infrastructure, with plans to upgrade to 1.5GW by April and potentially reach 2GW, which could match the power consumption of major U.S. cities [2][12]. Group 1: Colossus 2 Overview - Colossus 2 is equipped with approximately 200,000 NVIDIA H100/H200 GPUs and around 30,000 NVIDIA GB200 NVL72 GPUs, significantly enhancing its computational power compared to its predecessor, Colossus 1, which was built in just 122 days [9][10]. - The cluster's 1GW capacity can power about 750,000 households, equivalent to the peak power demand of San Francisco [11]. - Once fully operational, Colossus 2 will house 555,000 GPUs, surpassing the GPU counts of Meta, Microsoft, and Google [13][14]. Group 2: Implications for AI Development - The advancements in Colossus 2 are expected to facilitate the development of Grok 5, which is projected to have parameters around 6 trillion, more than double that of Grok 4 [15][18]. - With the recent $20 billion funding round for xAI, the scaling capabilities for Grok 5 are increasing, leading to larger model parameters and faster training and deployment speeds [18][19]. - The rapid development of AI models is seen as a competitive advantage in the industry, emphasizing that speed is a crucial factor in the AI era [20]. Group 3: Energy Supply Concerns - The construction of large data centers like Colossus 2 is contributing to a projected annual electricity demand growth of 4.8% over the next decade, which is unprecedented for the U.S. energy system [27]. - The imbalance between rapidly increasing demand and slow supply growth is causing concerns about the stability of the power grid, leading to potential rolling blackouts for 67 million residents in 13 states during extreme weather [5][22][23]. - PJM, the regional transmission organization, is struggling to maintain supply-demand balance and has proposed measures to reduce peak demand from data centers, which have faced opposition from major tech companies [32][34].