价格协议和关税配额是解决贸易纠纷的主要手段

Core Viewpoint - The recent agreements between China and the EU, as well as Canada, regarding electric vehicle exports represent a mid-term solution that addresses the core interests of both parties, resulting in a win-win situation rather than a one-sided victory for China [1] Group 1: Agreement Details - The core of the China-EU agreement is a price agreement, while the China-Canada agreement focuses on tariff quotas. The China-EU agreement, titled the "China-EU Electric Vehicle Price Commitment Agreement," allows Chinese manufacturers to raise sales prices instead of facing anti-subsidy taxes, thus protecting the EU market from being overwhelmed by Chinese products [2] - The China-Canada agreement, known as the "China-Canada Electric Vehicle Export Agreement and Consensus," limits Chinese exports to Canada to 49,000 vehicles annually with a 6.1% most-favored-nation tariff, down from 100%. The quota will gradually increase until restrictions are lifted [2] - Both agreements aim to eliminate barriers for Chinese electric vehicles to enter the EU and Canadian markets, protect local markets from excessive competition, and encourage Chinese companies to invest in local manufacturing [2] Group 2: Trade Principles - Encouraging trade and protecting markets are fundamental principles of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The shift from closed production and consumption to economic globalization helps lower global costs and promotes the spread of advanced technologies [3] - International trade must balance the import of competitive foreign products with the protection of local market order, ensuring that local industries are not undermined while providing consumers with better choices [3] Group 3: Strategic Approaches - The shift from responding to anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures to employing price agreements and tariff quotas reflects China's growing economic strength and bargaining power in international trade [4] - The expansion of trade conflicts from low-end labor-intensive products to advanced technology products necessitates more sustainable and mutually beneficial trade methods [4] - Price agreements and tariff quotas are seen as effective means to establish long-term stable relationships in trade, similar to the historical resolution of trade conflicts between Japan and the United States in the automotive sector [4]