鲍威尔：加息并非任何人对下一步行动的基本假设，关税通胀预计今年年中消退（附全文）

Monetary Policy - Interest rate hikes are not a fundamental assumption for the next steps [2][11] - The current policy stance is at the high end of the neutral rate range, and it is difficult to indicate that the policy is significantly restrictive [11][28] Inflation - Inflation risks have somewhat dissipated, with core PCE inflation expected to reach 3% by December 2025 [2] - The overall PCE price index increased by 2.9% over the past 12 months, while the core PCE index rose by 4.3% [10] - The high inflation levels are largely attributed to tariff impacts, which are expected to peak and then decline by mid-2026 [3][31] Employment - Employment risks are stabilizing, with the unemployment rate showing signs of stabilization at around 4.4% [10][11] - Job growth has been low, averaging only about 22,000 new jobs per month recently, reflecting a slowdown in labor supply growth [10][19] Tariffs - The majority of the tariff impacts have been transmitted to the economy, with expectations that tariff-induced inflation will dissipate by mid-2026 [3][31] - If the peak impact of tariffs is observed, it may signal a potential easing of monetary policy [3][31] AI and Technology - Short-term impacts of AI may lead to job losses, but the long-term effects remain uncertain [14][61] - The deployment of AI is being closely monitored for its potential effects on the labor market and overall economy [62] Federal Reserve Independence - The independence of the Federal Reserve is emphasized as crucial for effective monetary policy, and there is a strong commitment to maintaining this independence [52][51] - The legal case involving Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook is considered potentially one of the most significant in the Fed's history [10][52] Economic Growth - The U.S. economy is expected to have a solid foundation entering 2026, with consumer spending showing resilience and business investment continuing to grow [8][57] - Recent government shutdowns may have temporarily affected economic activity, but these impacts are expected to reverse as the government resumes operations [9]