OpenAI推出脑机接口公司Merge Labs，利用超声波读取大脑思维，对决马斯克的Neuralink

Core Viewpoint - Merge Labs is pioneering a non-invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) technology using ultrasound to read brain activity and treat mental disorders, contrasting with invasive methods like those used by Neuralink [2][6]. Group 1: Company Overview - Merge Labs, supported by OpenAI, completed a $252 million seed funding round in January 2026, with investors including OpenAI, Bain Capital, and Gabe Newell [2]. - The company aims to develop a BCI that interacts with a significantly larger number of neurons with less invasiveness compared to existing technologies [6]. Group 2: Technology Comparison - The BCI landscape is divided into two camps: Neuralink's invasive electrode implantation and Merge Labs' non-invasive ultrasound technology [6]. - Merge Labs' ultrasound technology can image and modulate large brain areas by sending high-frequency sound waves, avoiding the risks associated with surgical procedures [6]. Group 3: Ultrasound Technology Mechanism - The ultrasound technology works by emitting high-frequency sound pulses and measuring the echoes that return from different tissue types, allowing for the detection of blood flow changes related to neuronal activity [8]. - The technology can measure blood flow changes in brain regions as small as 100 micrometers, enabling the monitoring of small groups of neurons [8]. Group 4: Genetic Engineering Integration - Merge Labs is exploring the combination of ultrasound with sonogenetics, a gene engineering technique that makes specific brain cells responsive to sound waves, enhancing signal detection and control [10]. - This innovative approach aims to improve the precision of signal reading while significantly reducing invasiveness [10]. Group 5: Scientific Basis and Challenges - Despite its potential, the ultrasound BCI technology is still in its early stages and faces significant scientific and technical challenges, including high costs and hardware miniaturization [12]. - Initial focus will be on medical applications to assist patients with neural damage or diseases, with long-term goals of enhancing human capabilities through safe and convenient technology [12]. Group 6: Future of Human-Machine Interaction - OpenAI's CEO has expressed concerns about invasive methods and advocates for safer alternatives that allow users to interact with AI tools through thought [14]. - Merge Labs aims to blur the lines between humans and AI, representing a new frontier in human-machine integration [14].