破解林业“四难”融资困境：重庆市深化集体林权制度改革背景下的绿色金融创新路径研究

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of integrating forest reform and financial reform in Chongqing to address the financing difficulties faced by the forestry sector, which include challenges in asset confirmation, valuation, collateralization, and financing [4][31][33]. Group 1: Financing Difficulties in Forestry - The inherent difficulties in forestry financing stem from the traditional credit system's inability to adapt to the unique characteristics of forestry assets, which include long cycles, diverse values, and complex ownership [8]. - The challenges of asset confirmation arise from unclear asset boundaries and difficulties in accurately identifying ownership, particularly in collective forest rights [9]. - Valuation issues are primarily due to the lack of standardized metrics for assessing ecological benefits, leading to significant underestimation of forest asset values [10]. - Collateralization is hindered by limited disposal channels and a lack of risk mitigation mechanisms, making financial institutions hesitant to lend against forestry assets [11]. - The culmination of these issues results in a significant financing gap, particularly affecting small and medium-sized forestry operators who struggle to access adequate funding through conventional credit channels [12]. Group 2: Systematic Solutions in Chongqing - Chongqing has adopted a systematic approach to address these financing challenges by leveraging its dual role as a pilot area for collective forest rights reform and green financial innovation [5][6]. - The city has implemented a comprehensive policy framework that includes top-level design, digital infrastructure, a financial product matrix, and a value transformation system to enhance forestry financial services [15]. - Specific policies have been developed at both the municipal and district levels to ensure effective implementation, such as asset evaluation management guidelines and collective forest rights mortgage loan business guides [16][17]. Group 3: Digital Infrastructure and Value System - The establishment of a digital platform for forest rights aims to resolve asset confirmation issues by creating a reliable database for forest land, facilitating smoother transactions and financing processes [18][19]. - Chongqing has developed a value transformation system that includes standardized valuation metrics for ecological benefits, enabling better integration of ecological value into financial assessments [20]. - Innovative financial products have been created to match the characteristics of forestry assets, including carbon credit loans and composite mortgage models that incorporate ecological product values [22][23]. Group 4: Future Directions for Integration - The article outlines future efforts to deepen the integration of forest and financial reforms, focusing on expanding the application of ecological value assessment standards and enhancing the digital forest rights platform [25][26]. - There is a commitment to developing tailored financial services that align with the specific needs of forestry projects, ensuring that financial support is both effective and sustainable [28]. - The ongoing enhancement of risk-sharing mechanisms and the introduction of long-term financing products are crucial for addressing the unique challenges of the forestry sector [29].