【宏观】2025年我国制造业出海进程如何？——《见微知著》系列第二十九篇（赵格格/周可）

Core Viewpoint - The report analyzes the current status of China's manufacturing industry going abroad, identifies future leading industries for overseas expansion, and discusses the impact of RMB appreciation on exports and investments [4]. Group 1: Current Trends in Overseas Expansion - The wave of overseas expansion is still on the rise, with a slight increase in China's foreign direct investment expected by 2025, and more small and medium-sized enterprises joining the trend. Policies are aimed at promoting globalization and enhancing external demand while facilitating supply-side reforms [5]. Group 2: Industries with Significant Overseas Revenue Growth - In terms of primary industries, light manufacturing and home appliances have a high proportion of overseas revenue. The electronic and machinery supply chains, as well as service trade, have seen rapid year-on-year growth in overseas revenue. Among secondary industries, electronics and machinery-related sectors show a high overseas revenue share, with notable improvements in competitiveness for the electronic communication, finance, and gaming industries. Industries with high foreign exposure, such as light manufacturing and automotive, have shown relatively better stock performance, and private enterprises are increasingly active in overseas markets, potentially becoming the main contributors to overseas revenue during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [6]. Group 3: High Overseas Gross Margin as a Driving Force - Listed companies exhibit high overseas gross margins due to strong overseas demand, making exports a major contributor to economic growth. Companies are accelerating capacity expansion abroad, leading to increased product value. In the first half of 2025, industries such as computers, pharmaceuticals, beauty care, and machinery equipment reported high overseas gross margins. The difference in gross margins between domestic and overseas operations correlates with revenue structure, with industries like automotive, transportation, and power equipment showing higher overseas gross margins than domestic ones. The average overseas revenue gross margin increased by 0.7 percentage points year-on-year [7]. Group 4: Industry-Specific Overseas Expansion Progress - The report assesses investment trends in different regions such as ASEAN, the United States, and Latin America through forward-looking signals (announcements of foreign investments by listed companies) and mid-term validations (revenue from overseas subsidiaries). Early-stage industries for overseas expansion include machinery equipment, basic chemicals, power equipment/home appliances, food and beverages, and computers. Accelerated expansion industries include electronics, light manufacturing, and automotive [8]. Group 5: Impact of RMB Appreciation on Exports and Investments - Going abroad does not necessarily lead to a decline in export growth. It can stimulate the growth of domestic capital goods and intermediate goods exports, leading to structural adjustments in exports. It also facilitates market expansion for localized production overseas. Innovation is identified as the primary driver for strong export momentum, helping to avoid the middle-income trap. The structural aspects of going abroad are beneficial for upstream equipment investments. Although the capacity expansion of overseas subsidiaries may suppress domestic investment willingness in corresponding sectors, the exploration of overseas markets is favorable for upstream supporting enterprises' capacity expansion and R&D investments [9].