【广发宏观陈嘉荔】美国1月就业数据公布之后

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent employment data released by the U.S. Department of Labor, highlighting a significant increase in non-farm payrolls and private sector employment, while also noting methodological changes that may have influenced these figures. Group 1: Employment Data - In January, non-farm payrolls increased by 130,000, exceeding expectations of 70,000 and the previous value of 48,000, significantly above the Dallas Fed's estimated balance level of 30,000 jobs per month [1][8] - Private sector employment rose by 172,000, surpassing the expected 75,000 and previous 64,000, indicating a rebound in employment trends [1][8] - The employment diffusion index increased from 54.2% to 55%, suggesting a broader coverage of employment growth across industries [1][8] Group 2: Methodological Changes - The introduction of a "birth-death model" adjustment by the Bureau of Labor Statistics may have led to an overestimation of the new job figures, particularly in the healthcare sector, which saw a significant increase of 137,000 jobs, the highest since September 2020 [2][11] - This model adjustment reflects a more cyclical characteristic in estimating job contributions from new businesses, potentially amplifying job estimates during periods of economic acceleration [2][11] Group 3: Sector-Specific Insights - Excluding healthcare, private sector job growth still showed a significant rebound, driven by investments in AI capacity, particularly in the construction sector, which added 33,000 jobs, with 25,000 from non-residential specialty trade contractors [3][13] - The construction job growth is attributed to the demand for data centers and AI infrastructure rather than traditional residential building [3][13] Group 4: Unemployment Rate and Labor Market Quality - The unemployment rate (U3) decreased from 4.38% to 4.28%, with an increase of 528,000 in the employed population and a decrease of 141,000 in the unemployed population, indicating a recovery from the impacts of government shutdowns [4][18] - The broader unemployment rate (U6) fell by 0.4 percentage points to 8.0%, reflecting a shift from part-time to full-time employment, suggesting an improvement in job quality [4][18] Group 5: Wage Growth and Labor Market Dynamics - Wage growth remained sticky, with average hourly earnings increasing by 3.7% year-over-year and 0.4% month-over-month, indicating tight labor supply in sectors like healthcare and construction [5][21] - The average weekly hours worked slightly increased to 34.3 hours, suggesting stable labor demand despite some fluctuations in wage growth across different sectors [5][21] Group 6: Market Reactions and Economic Outlook - The employment data has influenced market expectations regarding interest rate cuts, with a decrease in the probability of a June rate cut by the Federal Reserve [7][24] - Following the data release, U.S. Treasury yields rose, and the dollar index increased to 96.91, reflecting market adjustments to the employment figures [7][24]