CPI与PPI走势趋于收敛——2026年1月通胀数据解读【陈兴团队·华福宏观】

Group 1 - Energy and raw material prices are experiencing a phase of decline, with January PPI decreasing by 1.4% month-on-month, a reduction of 5 percentage points compared to the previous month. The prices in the oil and gas extraction industry fell by 16.7%, while the prices in the oil, coal, and other fuel processing industries dropped by 11.5% [2][11] - The overall energy-related industries are in a deep negative growth zone, significantly dragging down the PPI. Although some non-energy sectors, such as non-ferrous metals and electronics manufacturing, are seeing price recoveries, the high weight and large declines in the energy sector continue to be a major factor in the year-on-year negative PPI for January [2][11] - The January CPI year-on-year growth rate decreased to 0.2%, down by 0.6 percentage points from the previous month, influenced by a high base from last year's Spring Festival and current weak food prices. The core CPI year-on-year growth rate recorded 0.8%, a decrease of 0.4 percentage points from the previous month [3][4] Group 2 - The CPI year-on-year growth rate fell to 0.2%, with food prices turning from growth to a decline of -0.7%, impacting the CPI by approximately 0.11 percentage points. The prices of fresh vegetables and fruits increased by 6.9% and 3.2%, respectively, while pork and egg prices decreased by 13.7% and 10.6% [4][7] - Non-food prices saw a year-on-year growth rate decrease of 0.4 percentage points to 0.4%. Energy prices fell by 5% year-on-year, contributing approximately 0.34 percentage points to the CPI decline, with gasoline prices down by 11.4% [4][7] - The January PPI year-on-year decline narrowed to 1.4%, a reduction of 0.5 percentage points from the previous month, marking the second consecutive month of narrowing. The prices of production materials recorded a year-on-year growth rate of -1.3%, while living materials saw a decline of -1.7% [11][14]