半导体行业观察·2026-02-26 01:30Core Viewpoint - The semiconductor industry is crucial for the digital economy, with a significant portion of production now occurring outside the U.S., primarily in Taiwan, which poses strategic risks for the U.S. supply chain [2][12]. Group 1: Supply Chain and Manufacturing - The semiconductor supply chain begins with GlobalWafers America in Texas, which processes purified silicon into 12-inch wafers for chip production [2]. - The manufacturing process involves melting silicon at extremely high temperatures and using complex machinery to create silicon crystals, which are then sliced into wafers [4]. - Advanced semiconductor fabrication plants, like TSMC's facility in Arizona, are being developed to enhance U.S. chip manufacturing capabilities, although they lag behind Taiwan's production capacity [12]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - TSMC's Arizona plant will utilize cutting-edge extreme ultraviolet lithography machines, which are essential for producing advanced chips, with each machine costing around $400 million [10]. - The production process at these facilities is highly automated, reducing the need for a large workforce, as the focus is on strategic independence rather than job creation [14]. Group 3: Final Assembly and Testing - The final assembly stage of the supply chain, known as FATP (Final Assembly, Test and Pack), is labor-intensive and is currently being expanded in Houston, where Apple operates a small AI server assembly plant [15]. - This assembly facility is significantly smaller than those in Asia, which employ hundreds of thousands of workers for mass production [15].