储能：源网荷储和绿电直连发展现状及未来趋势

Core Concept and Background - The article discusses the development and configuration of renewable energy projects, particularly focusing on the "source-network-load-storage" model, which allows for localized energy consumption without feeding back to the main grid [3]. Current Development Drivers - The electricity market reform has led to a fully market-driven pricing system, prompting renewable energy companies to seek stable customers, such as data centers, thus promoting direct electricity supply transactions [4]. - Local governments, exemplified by Inner Mongolia, have introduced clear supportive policies, such as waiving transmission fees for "source-network-load-storage" projects, removing key barriers to development [4]. - The national "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the development of green electricity direct connections, with expectations that this model will account for 20-30% of new renewable installations annually [4]. Economic Viability and Business Models - The direct supply of green electricity typically offers lower prices compared to grid electricity, with Inner Mongolia's grid price around 0.45 CNY per kWh, while direct supply can range from 0.18 to 0.33 CNY per kWh [6]. - For investors, projects under this model provide more stable returns, akin to "bonds," with lower internal rate of return (IRR) requirements, typically around 7-8% [6]. - The business model often involves large power generation groups holding majority stakes, while electricity consumers participate as minority shareholders, ensuring their energy security [6]. Comparison of Domestic and International Models - In China, the strategy leverages abundant and inexpensive green electricity (wind and solar) to serve as the foundational load for industries like data centers, supplemented by energy storage for regulation [7]. - In North America, due to resource and economic constraints, natural gas turbines are more commonly used as the foundational load, with energy storage primarily serving frequency regulation and peak capacity supplementation [7].