Registration No. 333-291598 As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on December 11, 2025. UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO FORM F-1 REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 Biodexa Pharmaceuticals PLC (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) England and Wales 2834 Not Applicable (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) (IRS Em ...

Core Insights - Quantum computing has emerged as the hottest stock market trend in 2025, surpassing artificial intelligence as the primary catalyst on Wall Street [1] - Quantum computing pure-play stocks have seen significant price increases, with some rising by up to 965% over the past year [2] - The technology is expected to create substantial economic value, with estimates ranging from $450 billion to $850 billion by 2040 [7] Industry Overview - Quantum computing utilizes specialized computers based on quantum mechanics to solve complex problems that classical computers cannot address, potentially revolutionizing various industries [3][6] - Applications include drug development and accelerating AI learning processes, which are driving investor excitement [6] Market Dynamics - Institutional investors, including JPMorgan Chase, are recognizing the potential of quantum computing, with the bank identifying it as a key area in its $1.5 trillion Security and Resiliency Initiative [9][10] - Collaborations with major tech companies like Amazon and Microsoft are providing quantum computing firms access to significant customer bases [10] Historical Context - Historical trends indicate that new technologies often face significant adoption delays, with investors typically overestimating the speed of market acceptance [11][12] - Previous tech trends, such as the internet and blockchain, have experienced bubble-bursting events, suggesting that quantum computing may follow a similar trajectory [13][14] Valuation Concerns - Current price-to-sales (P/S) ratios for quantum computing stocks are significantly above historical bubble thresholds, indicating potential overvaluation [17] - Historical data shows that leading companies in tech trends can lose 80% or more of their value during market corrections [18][20]

Core Insights - Protext Mobility, Inc. has announced a strategic Letter of Intent (LOI) with TruLeaf, which is expected to accelerate technology adoption and market expansion while introducing innovative financial applications leveraging CBD-based assets [1][4] Group 1: Technological Synergy & Bioavailability - TruLeaf's nanotechnology significantly enhances Protext's kettle technology, leading to increased bioavailability, making products more effective, faster, and more affordable for patients [2][3] - The partnership reduces production costs, thereby enhancing shareholder value and supporting the mission of global healing and patient wellbeing [3] Group 2: Regulatory & Competitive Advantage - The collaboration involves THC-free CBD FECO that complies with the Farm Bill, providing a clear market differentiation and competitive edge for Protext [3] Group 3: Financial Strengthening & Asset Potential - The resulting active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is recognized as a real-world asset (RWA) under IFRS/GAAP, which strengthens the company's balance sheet and net profit without cash outflow [3] - These RWAs could support the creation of a stablecoin, enabling new financial opportunities such as staking or investment for the company and its shareholders [3] Group 4: Market Validation & Mission Impact - TruLeaf's support serves as a vote of confidence from an established partner, which is expected to accelerate Protext's growth, operational scaling, and market entry [3] - The partnership aligns with Protext's mission of "raising all boats," aiming to improve patient outcomes and create shareholder value [4]

Core Viewpoint - LiqTech International, Inc. is set to report its third quarter 2025 financial results on November 13, 2025, and will host a conference call to discuss these results [1]. Group 1: Financial Reporting - The company will announce its Q3 2025 financial results for the period ending September 30, 2025, before the market opens on November 13, 2025 [1]. - A conference call is scheduled for the same day at 9:00 a.m. Eastern time to review the financial results [2]. Group 2: Company Overview - LiqTech International, Inc. specializes in clean technology, providing advanced ceramic silicon carbide filtration technologies for gas and liquid purification [3]. - The company's silicon carbide membranes are designed for challenging purification applications, including controlling diesel exhaust soot emissions [3]. - LiqTech utilizes nanotechnology to develop a range of products, including component membranes, membrane systems, and filters for microfiltration and ultrafiltration applications [3]. - The company offers unique, turnkey solutions for complex water purification applications by integrating its SiC liquid membrane technology with extensive systems design capabilities [3].

Core Insights - The article discusses the significant energy loss in traditional power transmission systems, highlighting that over 2,100 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity are lost annually, equivalent to the total electricity consumption of Africa in a year [1][20] - Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms, is presented as a transformative material that can drastically reduce energy loss in power transmission due to its unique properties, including high conductivity and strength [5][21] Energy Loss in Traditional Systems - Traditional power lines and transformers lose electricity primarily due to resistance, converting electrical energy into heat, leading to billions of kilowatt-hours lost annually [9][20] - The increasing global energy demand, driven by population growth and urbanization, exacerbates the need for more efficient energy transmission systems [3][4] Graphene's Unique Properties - Graphene's atomic structure allows electrons to travel with minimal resistance, akin to a frictionless roller coaster, which significantly reduces energy loss during transmission [10][11] - The honeycomb lattice structure of graphene facilitates smooth electron movement, enabling ballistic transport and quantum tunneling, which are not achievable in traditional materials [9][10] Applications of Graphene - Graphene-enhanced power cables have been piloted in China and Europe, showing a potential to carry 20-30% more current with reduced heat loss, which could save hundreds of TWh of electricity annually [13] - The integration of graphene in batteries and supercapacitors enhances capacity and charge rates, allowing for more efficient energy storage and distribution [13] - Graphene's application in transformers can lead to lighter, more efficient designs capable of handling larger loads, addressing space constraints in urban areas [13] Challenges and Solutions - The production of high-quality graphene is currently expensive, and material defects can significantly impact its performance [14][15] - Advances in production methods, such as Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), and the development of graphene composites are being explored to overcome these challenges [17][18] Future Potential - Graphene is expected to revolutionize energy transmission and storage, reducing costs and emissions while improving the efficiency of power delivery systems [19][21] - The ongoing advancements in graphene technology could lead to the development of ultra-low energy transmission loss grids and flexible energy storage solutions [24]

Core Insights - Cosmos Health Inc. has initiated a new research and development program utilizing nanotechnology to enhance the effectiveness of phytochemical constituents in dietary supplements [1][2] - The new initiative builds on the proprietary technology developed during the creation of CCX Hydrogel, focusing on plant-based extract-loaded phytosomes to improve absorption, stability, and bioactivity of phytochemicals [2][5] - The company emphasizes a sustainable, solvent-free process for creating phytosomes, aligning with its commitment to environmentally responsible practices [3][5] Company Overview - Cosmos Health Inc. is a diversified, vertically integrated global healthcare group, incorporated in 2009 in Nevada, with a portfolio of proprietary pharmaceutical and nutraceutical brands [6] - The company manufactures a range of products, including pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics, and medical devices, under European Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) [6] - Cosmos Health has established R&D partnerships targeting major health disorders and has entered the telehealth space through the acquisition of ZipDoctor, Inc. [6]

Industry Overview - Nanotechnology stocks represent companies focused on developing, manufacturing, or commercializing technologies and materials at the nanoscale, which ranges from approximately 1 to 100 nanometers. These include advanced materials, nanoelectronics, targeted drug-delivery systems, and nanosensors [2] - These stocks offer thematic exposure to high-growth, often early-stage and technically specialized fields, making them potentially more volatile and speculative [2] Company Summaries Onto Innovation (ONTO) - Onto Innovation Inc. specializes in designing, developing, manufacturing, and supporting process control tools for optical metrology. The company provides lithography systems and process control analytical software, along with process and yield management solutions [3] Nano Dimension (NNDM) - Nano Dimension Ltd. engages in additive manufacturing solutions, offering 3D printers that produce high-performance electronic devices (Hi-PEDs) using proprietary conductive and dielectric substances. The company also provides micro additive manufacturing systems and industrial additive manufacturing systems for fabricating ceramic and metal parts [4] NVE Corporation (NVEC) - NVE Corporation develops and sells devices utilizing spintronics, a nanotechnology that leverages electron spin for data acquisition, storage, and transmission. The company manufactures spintronic products, including sensors and couplers [5] Clene Inc. (CLNN) - Clene Inc. is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company focused on discovering, developing, and commercializing novel clean-surfaced nanotechnology therapeutics. Its lead drug candidate, CNM-Au8, is undergoing various clinical trials for conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic optic neuropathy, and Parkinson's Disease [6][7]

Nanotechnology Innovation - Miraqules, an India-based company, developed a nanotechnology that mimics blood clotting proteins [1] - The nanotechnology is designed to quickly stop heavy bleeding [1]

Core Insights - Xeriant, Inc. has successfully completed its September production run for NEXBOARD™, an eco-friendly composite construction panel, marking the start of the certification process and providing samples to prospective clients in the construction industry [1][2] - The production run demonstrated that NEXBOARD can be manufactured at scale while meeting high standards of quality and uniformity, which are essential for ramping up production [2] - NEXBOARD is designed to support green building certifications and aligns with circular economy objectives, constructed primarily from recycled plastic and fiber waste, offering exceptional durability and resistance to various environmental factors [2][3] Company Overview - Xeriant, Inc. focuses on the discovery, development, and commercialization of transformative technologies, including advanced materials, and aims to partner with visionary companies to accelerate its mission [5] - The advanced materials line is marketed under the DUREVER™ brand, with NEXBOARD designed to replace traditional construction materials such as drywall and plywood [5] Market Context - The green construction materials market is projected to reach USD 1.8 trillion by 2030, driven by increasing demand for sustainable materials like NEXBOARD, which addresses significant resource consumption and CO2 emissions in the construction industry [3]

Core Insights - TRUNNANO has achieved a significant breakthrough in the preparation technology of its nano molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) powder, enhancing quality and reliability across multiple performance indicators [1][9] - The new technology addresses long-standing industry challenges, enabling better integration of materials into production lines and improving product competitiveness for customers [9] Technological Advancements - The novel process control system developed by TRUNNANO ensures near-perfect consistency in particle size distribution, chemical purity, and crystal structure, reducing quality control costs and R&D risks [2][5] - The new nano MoS2 powder exhibits excellent anti-agglomeration properties, allowing for easy dispersion in various solvents and polymer matrices, thus enhancing overall performance [4][5] Performance Enhancements - Improved interfacial bonding strength between the nanomaterial and the matrix significantly enhances load transfer efficiency and functional durability, maximizing the reinforcing and friction-reducing properties of nano MoS2 [5][9] - The breakthrough positions TRUNNANO's nano MoS2 powder as a new industry benchmark in consistency, ease of use, and reliability, expanding its application potential in lubricants, high-performance composites, new energy batteries, and flexible electronics [9][10] Product Specifications - TRUNNANO offers various grades of MoS2 powder with different particle sizes and purities, including: - TR-MoS2-01: 100nm, 99.9% purity - TR-MoS2-02: 500nm, 98.5% purity - TR-MoS2-03: D50: 1.5μm, 98.5% purity - TR-MoS2-04: D50: 3-6μm, 98.5% purity - TR-MoS2-06: D50: 16-30μm, 98.5% purity [6][9]