Core Points - Ongoing armed conflict at the Thailand-Cambodia border has affected at least six border areas, with reports of gunfire and artillery shelling [1][3] - As of July 24, the conflict has resulted in 13 civilian and 1 soldier deaths on the Thai side, with 46 others injured, while Cambodia reported at least 1 civilian death and 5 injuries [3] - The conflict escalated after a series of exchanges of fire, artillery strikes, and rocket attacks, with Thailand deploying F-16 fighter jets for airstrikes [3] Summary by Sections Background of the Dispute - The conflict traces back to May 2023, rooted in colonial-era territorial disputes, particularly over a 1907 map drawn during French colonial rule [5] - The most notable dispute involves the Preah Vihear Temple area, which was awarded to Cambodia by the International Court of Justice in 1962 [5][6] Recent Developments - Following a landmine explosion that injured a Thai soldier on July 23, tensions escalated, leading to mutual accusations and the expulsion of the Cambodian ambassador by Thailand [9] - Both countries have implemented strict border controls, with Thailand closing nearly all crossing points and Cambodia halting the import of Thai goods [8] Political Implications - The conflict has intensified nationalist sentiments in both countries, with political ramifications for Thai Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-o-cha, who faced scrutiny over his handling of the border dispute [10][11] - The leaked conversation between Prayuth and Cambodian Senate President Hun Sen has led to widespread protests in Thailand, further destabilizing the political landscape [10][11] Regional and International Response - The United Nations Security Council is set to hold an emergency meeting regarding the situation, with ASEAN expressing willingness to mediate [14] - ASEAN's ability to effectively address the conflict is challenged by the need for consensus among member states and its limited enforcement capabilities [15]