Core Insights - The research provides molecular genetic evidence supporting the hypothesis that meat consumption has shaped human evolution, contributing to physical stature and cognitive abilities [8][9]. Group 1: Genetic Findings - A specific ancient genetic variant, "rs34590044-A," has been identified as a key factor in the evolutionary development of human height and metabolic rate, regulating the ACSF3 gene [3][4]. - The study reveals a genetic correlation between height and metabolic rate, indicating that both traits share a common genetic basis [4][6]. - The rs34590044-A mutation enhances the expression of the ACSF3 gene, which is crucial for metabolizing nutrients from meat, leading to more efficient energy utilization [6][7]. Group 2: Evolutionary Implications - The presence of the rs34590044-A mutation is significantly higher in populations with a history of high meat consumption, suggesting it was favored under evolutionary pressures related to diet [7][8]. - This research contributes to a broader understanding of human adaptive evolution, linking genetic variations to dietary changes and their impact on human development [8]. Group 3: Broader Context - The study situates the ACSF3 gene and the rs34590044-A variant within a larger framework of human metabolic adaptation, alongside other known genetic adaptations related to diet [8]. - It emphasizes that while the rs34590044-A mutation may enhance meat metabolism, it does not imply that individuals without this mutation cannot benefit from meat consumption [9][10].