Core Viewpoint - The research highlights the role of RNA-binding protein RRP1 in regulating inflammation through its interaction with RNA, specifically in the context of one-carbon metabolism, providing new therapeutic targets for diseases like rheumatoid arthritis [3][10]. Group 1: Role of RBP in Inflammation - RNA-binding proteins (RBP) are crucial in the initiation and resolution of inflammation, and understanding their interaction with RNA and metabolism may offer new targets for controlling inflammation [5]. - RBP's interaction with RNA is dynamic and essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, with dysregulation potentially leading to disease [3]. Group 2: Research Findings - The study published by the team led by Academician Cao Xuetao identified RRP1 as a suppressor of macrophage inflammation by regulating thymidylate synthase (Tyms) mRNA, affecting its transport and translation efficiency [3][10]. - RRP1 was found to inhibit one-carbon metabolism, thereby suppressing inflammatory responses in macrophages, which could provide a new strategy for treating autoimmune diseases [10]. Group 3: Mechanistic Insights - Mechanistically, RRP1 binds to the Tyms transcript and post-transcriptionally reduces TYMS protein levels, leading to the inhibition of folate metabolism and one-carbon metabolism-driven inflammation [7][10]. - Myeloid-specific RRP1-deficient mice exhibited severe experimental arthritis, with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune damage, indicating the importance of RRP1 in inflammation regulation [8]. Group 4: Clinical Relevance - In rheumatoid arthritis patients, the expression of RRP1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was negatively correlated with TYMS expression and serum IL-1β levels, suggesting a potential biomarker role for RRP1 in inflammatory diseases [8].