Core Viewpoint - The average blood lead level in children in China has decreased to approximately 20μg/L, but lead exposure remains a significant public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where levels are much higher, affecting cognitive development and overall health [1][3]. Group 1: Blood Lead Levels and Health Impacts - Recent studies indicate that even low levels of blood lead can increase risks of cognitive developmental disorders, attention deficits, ADHD, premature birth, and hypertension [1][3]. - An estimated 5.5 million premature deaths annually are attributed to lead poisoning, resulting in a global IQ score decline of 765 million points [1][3]. Group 2: Sources and Risks of Lead Exposure - The review analyzed 39 studies since 2000, revealing that living in industrial lead pollution hotspots, occupational exposure, and environmental factors significantly affect blood lead levels [3][4]. - In low- and middle-income countries, lead exposure risks are exacerbated by inadequate regulation, lack of awareness, and severe environmental pollution from lead-related industries [3][4]. Group 3: Recommendations for Future Research and Management - Future research should focus on the pathways of lead exposure from industrial pollution, contaminated food and spices, and the impact of lead-contaminated cookware on blood lead levels [4]. - Comprehensive lead risk management is necessary, including legislative measures to limit lead content, market monitoring, and community interventions [4].