Group 1 - The article highlights various carcinogenic substances that are often overlooked in daily life, emphasizing the importance of awareness and preventive measures for health [1] - Groundnut oil, particularly the unrefined type, is identified as a significant source of aflatoxin contamination, which poses serious health risks [2] - Betel nut is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, with a strong association with oral cancer and high addiction potential [5] Group 2 - Oral cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the head and neck region, with approximately 300,000 new cases globally each year, and around 58,000 new cases in China annually, predominantly in males [7] - Cooking fumes are a major source of indoor air pollution, significantly increasing the risk of lung cancer, especially among non-smoking women who are regularly exposed [8] - Consumption of raw freshwater fish and shrimp poses a risk of infection from liver flukes, which are also classified as Group 1 carcinogens, highlighting the need for proper food handling and cooking practices [11]