（原标题：山西八里坪遗址：是独立"古国"，还是属于陶寺？｜访谈） 距今4000年前，这条古道旁兴起了晋东南已知规模最大的史前聚落，即八里坪遗址，面积超过100万平 方米。 八里坪遗址、端氏镇、沁水县城位置关系及周边地形地貌 赵辉供图 从2020年至今，山西省考古研究院华夏文明研究所所长、八里坪遗址考古发掘领队赵辉和同事们经过为 期五年的持续发掘，揭开了这一重要遗址基本面貌、先民生活的痕迹。 八里坪遗址有庙底沟二期文化晚期（距今4300年左右）、龙山文化、二里头文化早期遗存。 因八里坪遗址发现的三重环壕、"宫殿"式高等级建筑，玉石器、陶器等遗存，山西沁水八里坪遗址入 选"2024年度山西六大考古发现"，入围"2024年度全国十大考古新发现"终评。赵辉认为，八里坪遗址的 社会复杂化程度高，已经进入了古国之列，可称之为"八里坪古国"。 作者 安富建 周安王二十六年（前376年），赵、魏、韩三家分晋。史籍记载，晋国最后的国君从其发迹 之地晋西南（今山西临汾）迁往晋东南的城邑"端氏"。 亡国之君栖居的端氏，曾是所在区域中心。后来，端氏东西两侧，各有新城兴起： 一是东侧的新端氏城，端氏东迁而来（沿用端氏之名）； 二是西侧 ...

Core Viewpoint - The exhibition "Dragon Rising China: Archaeological Special Exhibition of Hongshan Culture" showcases over 300 artifacts from the Hongshan culture, highlighting its significance in the development of early Chinese civilization and its cultural heritage [1][10]. Group 1: Exhibition Details - The exhibition runs from June 26 to October 8 at the Shanghai Museum East Hall, featuring artifacts from 20 museums and archaeological institutions [1]. - Key artifacts include the "C" shaped jade dragon from the Palace Museum and the ring-shaped jade dragon from the Liaoning Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology [10]. Group 2: Hongshan Culture Overview - Hongshan culture, dating back approximately 6500 to 5000 years, is a significant Neolithic archaeological culture in northern China, corresponding to the era of the Yan Emperor and Yellow Emperor in traditional historical narratives [3]. - The culture spans an area of about 200,000 square kilometers, covering regions in Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, and northern Hebei [3]. Group 3: Cultural Significance - The Hongshan culture is recognized for its early development of ritual architecture, including altars and tombs, and the establishment of a jade ritual system, marking its transition into a complex social structure [3][6]. - The late stage of Hongshan culture saw the emergence of differentiated social hierarchies and complex ritual practices, indicating a move towards civilization [6][7]. Group 4: Artifacts and Cultural Impact - The jade artifacts, particularly the jade dragon, represent significant achievements in the Hongshan culture, influencing later cultures along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers [7]. - The exhibition includes three thematic sections: "Dragon from the Liao River," "Dragon in Hongshan," and "Dragon across the Nine Provinces," which illustrate the cultural unity and early ritual systems of the Hongshan civilization [10].

副省长温暖在主持时说，赵辉同志的报告具有很强的理论指导性、现实针对性和实践操作性。我们 要深入学习领会习近平总书记关于文化遗产保护传承的重要论述，以这次干部讲堂为契机，从更高维 度、更广视野认识文化遗产保护传承的重要意义，坚定扛牢赓续文明文脉的责任使命。要聚焦重点任 务，着力构建文化遗产系统保护体系，强化历史文化名城、街区、村镇的整体保护，加强考古研究和历 史文化阐释，创新文化遗产的活态传承。要持续深化文化体制机制改革，推动文化遗产系统性保护和统 一监管，高效统筹文化遗产保护与经济社会发展，让文化遗产在新时代绽放光彩，为现代化强省建设注 入强大精神动力。 有关省领导，驻济省直部门（单位）、省管企业、高等院校主要负责同志等参加。（记者 刘兵 李 子路） 6月6日下午，第三十二期山东干部讲堂在山东大厦开讲。省委书记林武，省委副书记、省长周乃 翔，省政协主席葛慧君，省委副书记、政法委书记王宇燕，省人大常委会副主任、党组书记杨东奇出 席。北京大学教授、"中华文明探源工程"一至四期首席专家赵辉受邀作报告。 赵辉围绕"古国时代——中国文明起源和早期发展"主题，从何谓"古国"、古国的发生和演进、 从"古国时代"走向"王国时 ...

Core Viewpoint - The opening of the Lingjiatan Archaeological Site Museum marks a significant milestone in showcasing the archaeological achievements and historical value of the Lingjiatan site, which represents the early civilization of the "Ancient State Era" over 5,000 years ago [1][3]. Summary by Relevant Sections - **Museum Overview** - The museum features a unique architectural design with a courtyard layout and rammed earth walls, located at the center of the Lingjiatan National Archaeological Park in Anhui Province [1]. - It will officially open for trial operation in May 2025, displaying approximately 1,100 artifacts including pottery, jade, stone, and bone tools [1]. - **Cultural Significance** - The Lingjiatan site is a key archaeological site representing the first phase of the "Ancient State Era," crucial for understanding the civilization process in the lower Yangtze River region [3]. - The site exhibits advanced spatial planning and functional zoning, highlighting the early inhabitants' sophisticated understanding of community organization [3]. - **Exhibition Highlights** - Notable artifacts include a jade double tiger head ornament, symbolizing ancient alliance systems, and various jade items that reflect the spiritual world of the Lingjiatan culture [6][9]. - The museum's core exhibit features the "King's Tomb," which reveals early burial customs and the significance of jade in funerary practices, with over 340 burial items, including 210 jade artifacts [10]. - **Technological Integration** - The museum employs modern technology such as VR and 3D displays to enhance visitor experience, allowing them to engage with historical contexts and artifacts interactively [10]. - The integration of the museum with the archaeological site aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cultural heritage and the development of early Chinese civilization [10].

Core Points - The Lingjiatan Site Museum in Anhui Province officially opened for trial operation on May 16, showcasing archaeological findings and historical significance of the Lingjiatan site [1][4][10] - Approximately 1,100 artifacts, including pottery, jade, stone, and bone tools, are on display [1][4][10] - The Lingjiatan site is a representative site of the "Ancient Kingdom Era," crucial for exploring the civilization process in the lower Yangtze River region [1][4][10] - Since its discovery in 1985, the site has yielded a large number of significant jade artifacts, ranking alongside Hongshan and Liangzhu cultures as one of the "three major jade culture centers" in history [1][4][10] Summary by Category Museum Opening - The Lingjiatan Site Museum opened for trial operation on May 16, marking its first systematic public display of archaeological achievements [1][4][10] Artifacts Displayed - The museum features around 1,100 artifacts, including various types of ancient tools and decorative items [1][4][10] Historical Significance - The Lingjiatan site is identified as a key relic and node in the study of early civilization in the lower Yangtze River area [1][4][10] - The site has been recognized for its substantial contributions to understanding ancient jade culture, being part of the historical trio with Hongshan and Liangzhu cultures [1][4][10]

Core Points - The Lingjiatan Site Museum in Anhui Province officially opened for trial operation on May 16, showcasing approximately 1,100 archaeological artifacts including pottery, jade, stone, and bone tools [1] Group 1: Museum Overview - The Lingjiatan site is a representative site from the "Ancient Kingdom Era," crucial for exploring the civilization process in the lower Yangtze River region [2] - The museum is part of the national "14th Five-Year Plan" for major site protection and utilization, featuring an exhibition area of about 4,000 square meters with one main exhibition hall and two temporary exhibition halls [2] - The main exhibition includes four sections: General Introduction, Historical Insights, Jade Culture, and Cultural Exchange [2] Group 2: Archaeological Findings - Significant archaeological progress has been made at the Lingjiatan site, with notable artifacts including a double-sided jade dragon, a jade eagle with octagonal star patterns, a vivid jade figure, and an 88-kilogram jade pig [2] - The exhibition features a concentrated display of artifacts from the 07M23 royal tomb, enhanced by dynamic presentations based on in-depth burial research, providing a comprehensive view of ancient social life [2] Group 3: Technological Integration - The exhibition employs real-life restoration and digital projection technologies to showcase the achievements of ancient inhabitants in urban planning, jade manufacturing, and artistic creation [3] - The museum highlights the significant role of the Lingjiatan site in the development of Chinese civilization [3]

Core Viewpoint - The excavation of the Yuanbaoshan Jishizhong, a significant burial site from the Hongshan culture, reveals important artifacts and insights into the social structure and burial practices of ancient societies in Inner Mongolia [6][21][30]. Group 1: Excavation Details - The Yuanbaoshan Jishizhong is located 1.5 kilometers north of Baji Village in Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia, and is characterized by stone-built tombs typical of the Hongshan culture, dating back approximately 5,400 to 5,000 years [1][6][21]. - The excavation team, led by Party Yu, faced challenges due to a recent tomb robbery, necessitating urgent rescue excavations [1][6]. - The site has yielded over 100 jade artifacts, with the M15 tomb being the largest and most significant, containing three jade pig dragons, which are emblematic of the Hongshan culture [6][23][30]. Group 2: Cultural Significance - The Yuanbaoshan site is considered one of the most important discoveries in recent years within the Hongshan cultural context, influencing perceptions of social hierarchy and burial customs [6][7][21]. - The discovery of the "tomb-altar integrated" structure at Yuanbaoshan is unprecedented, indicating a dual function of burial and ritual practices [11][13][30]. - The presence of jade artifacts, particularly the jade pig dragons, suggests a complex distribution system of jade within the Hongshan culture, reflecting social stratification and cultural identity [23][31][30]. Group 3: Archaeological Findings - The excavation revealed a total of 21 tombs, including nine from the Hongshan culture, with significant variations in size and structure indicating social hierarchy [15][18][21]. - The M15 tomb, which is the only one with a stepped stone coffin, raises questions about the location of a potential central tomb, as it is positioned towards the southern part of the burial site [17][18][21]. - The "hiding jade in walls" phenomenon, where jade artifacts were found embedded in the walls of the tombs, suggests a ritualistic practice that may have been common in other Hongshan sites [29][30].