育种进程中，基因起着决定性的作用。而掌握基因，并非易事。科学家们一直希望能像"查字典"一样快速定 位控制重要性状的基因，基因芯片便应运而生。利用已知序列的DNA片段定位目标基因，通过片段中的探针 检测出哪个部分发生了变异，进而在"字典"中对该变异进行筛选。 小小芯片，连着的是"国之大者"。从靠天吃饭到科学定制，从经验育种到精准设计，基因芯片技术正在重塑 育种的未来。今天，和记者一起探访农业"芯片"的破译之路吧。 习近平总书记在海南考察时指出："中国人的饭碗要牢牢端在自己手中，就必须把种子牢牢攥在自己手里。" 种子是现代农业的"芯片"。 西瓜有了"基因身份证" 盛夏，正是西瓜成熟的季节。8月5日，在河南农业大学瓜类种植基地，一处吊蔓西瓜种植区里绿意盎然。少 了旁逸斜出的散乱枝芽，瓜蔓整齐地向上伸展，看上去十分舒朗整洁。 "它叫'无杈彩虹1号'。"河南农业大学园艺学院教授杨路明笑着告诉记者。 外表看与普通西瓜无二致，名字却点明了其独特性：侧枝少、瓜瓤红黄相间、种植省力省工。 "正常西瓜植株每个节间都会生长侧枝和卷须，生产中需要频繁整枝打杈，这项人工成本占据种植成本的三至 五成，这也是导致近年来我国西瓜种植比较效益 ...

Core Insights - The self-sufficiency rate of vegetable seeds in China is approaching 91%, which significantly ensures the diversity of the "vegetable basket" [1] - A new domestic solid-phase gene chip for tomato breeding has been successfully developed and is expected to be commercially available by the end of this year [1] - The cost of gene testing is projected to decrease from 120 yuan per sample to 40 yuan, enhancing the efficiency of both upstream molecular breeding and downstream variety identification [1] Industry Developments - The launch of the first national tomato breeding autonomous solid-phase gene chip project commenced in May this year [1] - The application range of the newly developed gene chip will cover upstream tomato molecular breeding and variety selection, as well as downstream variety identification [1]